Surpeuplement des logements en lien avec la détresse psychologique chez les adolescents inuit du Nunavik : un suivi longitudinal

Près de la moitié des Inuit du Nunavik vivent dans des logements surpeuplés comparativement à 6 % de la population générale canadienne. Les adolescents inuit sont aussi plus à risque de souffrir de détresse psychologique que leurs pairs canadiens. Habiter un logement surpeuplé est associé avec un risque accru de souffrir de troubles de santé mentale pour les adolescents canadiens. Le présent mémoire vise à étudier de manière prospective l’association présumée entre le surpeuplement des logements à l’enfance et la détresse psychologique chez les adolescents inuit du Nunavik, ainsi que l’association présumée entre ces phénomènes lorsque tous deux sont mesurés à l’adolescence. Cette étude examinera également si cette association varie selon le sexe. Recrutés dans le cadre de l’étude Nunavik Child Development Study, 220 participants ont été rencontrés alors qu’ils étaient âgés de 11 ans en moyenne et à nouveau lorsqu’ils étaient âgés de 18 ans en moyenne Le surpeuplement des logements a été mesuré au moyen du ratio du nombre de personnes vivant dans le logement divisé par le nombre de pièces dans le logement. La détresse psychologique a été opérationnalisée à l’adolescence au moyen des symptômes dépressifs et des idéations suicidaires. Les résultats ne concluent ni à une association entre le surpeuplement des logements à l’enfance et la détresse psychologique chez les adolescents, ni à une association entre ces phénomènes lorsque tous deux sont mesurés à l’adolescence. On note également une absence de modération par le sexe. Malgré ces résultats, le surpeuplement des logements demeure un phénomène très prévalent et qui pourrait être dommageable pour les adolescents inuit lorsqu’associé à d’autres indicateurs de santé liés au logement ou à la pauvreté. Il pourrait aussi être un facteur de risque pour d’autres difficultés que les symptômes dépressifs ou les idées suicidaires.About half of Nunavik Inuit live in overcrowded households compared to 6% of the general Canadian population. Inuit adolescents are also more at risk of suffering from psychological distress than their Canadian peers. Living in overcrowded households is associated with greater risks of suffering from mental health problems for Canadian adolescents. However, no empirical and longitudinal study has examined the impact of living in an overcrowded household during childhood on psychological distress at adolescence for Inuit. The objective of the present work is to examine the hypothesized relationship between household overcrowding at childhood and psychological distress during adolescence among Nunavik Inuit, as well as the hypothesized relationship between these phenomena when they are both measure at adolescence. It will also examine if this relationship is moderated by sex. Recruited as part of the Nunavik Child Development Study, 220 participants were met when they were 11 years old in average, and then when they were 18 years old in average. Household overcrowding was assessed using the people per room ratio. Psychological distress symptoms were operationalized at adolescence using depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts. The results did not show that childhood household crowding had a longterm effect on psychological distress, nor effect moderation by sex. Despite these results, household crowding could be a risk factor when in interaction with other elements related housing conditions or with poverty, or could be experienced as a difficulty for adolescents on other aspects than depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts

Genomic Diversity of the Ostreid Herpesvirus Type 1 Across Time and Location and Among Host Species

The mechanisms underlying virus emergence are rarely well understood, making the appearance of outbreaks largely unpredictable. This is particularly true for pathogens with low per-site mutation rates, such as DNA viruses, that do not exhibit a large amount of evolutionary change among genetic sequences sampled at different time points. However, whole-genome sequencing can reveal the accumulation of novel genetic variation between samples, promising to render most, if not all, microbial pathogens measurably evolving and suitable for analytical techniques derived from population genetic theory. Here, we aim to assess the measurability of evolution on epidemiological time scales of the Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1), a double stranded DNA virus of which a new variant, OsHV-1 μVar, emerged in France in 2008, spreading across Europe and causing dramatic economic and ecological damage. We performed phylogenetic analyses of heterochronous (n = 21) OsHV-1 genomes sampled worldwide. Results show sufficient temporal signal in the viral sequences to proceed with phylogenetic molecular clock analyses and they indicate that the genetic diversity seen in these OsHV-1 isolates has arisen within the past three decades. OsHV-1 samples from France and New Zealand did not cluster together suggesting a spatial structuration of the viral populations. The genome-wide study of simple and complex polymorphisms shows that specific genomic regions are deleted in several isolates or accumulate a high number of substitutions. These contrasting and non-random patterns of polymorphism suggest that some genomic regions are affected by strong selective pressures. Interestingly, we also found variant genotypes within all infected individuals. Altogether, these results provide baseline evidence that whole genome sequencing could be used to study population dynamic processes of OsHV-1, and more broadly herpesviruses

Evaluation des nouvelles modalités établies à l'hôpital Clocheville du CHRU de Tours, concernant la prise en charge des pyélonéphrites aigües de l'enfant en ambulatoire

TOURS-BU Médecine (372612103) / SudocSudocFranceF

La planification des espaces ruraux et périurbains à l’épreuve des contestations : une perspective sociologique sur les pratiques de recours en Île-de-France

International audienceIn rural and peri-urban municipalities, the pressure exerted on elected officials by landowners (especially owners of agricultural land, whether farmers or not) to change zoning and urban planning regulations in their favour is frequently mentioned in research on local land policies. However, the precise nature and purpose on which these claims are based remain poorly known outside local case studies. Beyond the dichotomy between urban development on the one hand and the preservation of natural and agricultural spaces on the other, what forms of lewway are given by the law an locally implemented to favour the building of agricultural and natural spaces? What is the focus of local disputes on zoning regulations? We start from the hypothesis that the analysis of the claims of landowners and residents in a contentious context provides an empirical answer to this question. From a legal sociology perspective, we propose to highlight the way in which claims relating to building rights are filed in courts by proposing an analysis of the arguments developed by the claimants who take legal action against urban planning documents. On the basis of a statistical study conducted in four administrative courts in the Île-de-France region on a sample of approximately 443 legal claims over a 12-year period (2003-2015), and a qualitative survey with local elected officials, the research aims to provide a better understanding of local planning disputes.Dans les communes rurales et périurbaines, les pressions exercées sur les élus par les propriétaires (en particulier les propriétaires de terres agricoles, exploitants ou non) afin d’obtenir une évolution en leur faveur des zonages et règlements d’urbanisme, sont fréquemment mentionnées par les recherches menées sur les politiques foncières locales Cependant, la nature et l’objet précis des prétentions sur lesquelles portent ces revendications demeurent mal connus en dehors de monographies locales. Au-delà de la dichotomie entre ouverture à l’urbanisation d’une part, préservation des espaces naturels et agricoles d’autre part, quelles sont les modalités d’écriture du droit qui offrent des marges de manœuvre pour la constructibilité des espaces agricoles et naturels et sur lesquelles se cristallisent les litiges ? Nous partons de l’hypothèse que l’analyse des revendications des propriétaires et riverains dans un cadre contentieux permettent de répondre en partie à cette question. Dans une perspective de sociologie juridique, nous proposons de mettre en évidence la manière dont s’expriment les revendications relatives aux droits à bâtir en proposant une analyse des argumentaires développés par les requérants qui attaquent en justice les documents d’urbanisme. À partir d’une étude statistique menée auprès de quatre tribunaux administratifs en Île-de-France sur un échantillon d’environ 443 recours contentieux durant une période de 12 ans (2003-2015), et d’une enquête qualitative auprès d’élus locaux, la recherche vise à mieux comprendre les contestations locales en matière de planification d’urbanisme

Household overcrowding and psychological distress among Nunavik Inuit adolescents: a longitudinal study

About half of Nunavik Inuit live in overcrowded households compared to very few Canadians from the general population. Living in overcrowded households is associated with greater risks of suffering from mental health problems for Canadian adolescents. The present work aims at studying prospectively the hypothesised relationship between household overcrowding at childhood and psychological distress during adolescence among Nunavik Inuit, as well as the hypothesised relationship between these phenomena when they are both measure at adolescence. Recruited as part of the Nunavik Child Development Study, 220 participants were met at 11 years old in average and then when they were 18 years old in average. Household overcrowding was assessed using the people per room ratio. Psychological distress symptoms were operationalised at adolescence using depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts. The results did not show that childhood household crowding had a long-term effect on psychological distress. An absence of moderation by sex of the association was also found in the present study. Despite those results, household crowding could be a risk factor only when in interaction with other elements related with poverty or housing or could be experienced as a difficulty for adolescents on other aspects than depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts

Mécanismes, régulations et manipulations de l'atrésie folliculaire

National audienc

Mécanismes, régulations et manipulations de l'atrésie folliculaire

National audienc

Mécanismes, régulations et manipulations de l'atrésie folliculaire

National audienc

Mécanismes, régulations et manipulations de l'atrésie folliculaire

National audienc

Extracellular matrix regulates ovine granulosa cell survival, proliferation and steroidogenesis: relationship between cell shape and function

International audienc