Correlation between antibiotic susceptibilities and genotypes in Neisseria gonorrhoeae from different geographical origins: determinants monitoring by real- time PCR as a complementary tool for surveillance

ABSTRACT Objective To determine in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) isolates from different geographical areas whether monitoring of major determinants involved in chromosomal antimicrobial resistance correlated with phenotypes and could constitute complementary tools for surveillance. Methods Real-time multiplex PCR assays targeting penA, mtrR, penB, ponA, gyrA and parC determinants were applied to 169 NG extracts. Minimum inhibitory concentrations for penicillin and ciprofloxacin were determined by E tests, and b-lactamase production was analysed using nitrocefin discs