96 research outputs found
Logistik: Hur pÄverkar Just-In-Time pÄ lönsamheten av ett företag?
Ett företag har som grunduppgift att hÄllas verksamt genom att ekonomiskt prestera bÀttre för varje Är. Logistik Àr det verksamhetsomrÄde som stÄr för majoriteten av ett företags kostnader. Kostnader i sig Àr en dÄlig sak för företag, men det Àr Àven en möjlighet för logistiken att sÀnka dessa kostnader, vilket i sin tur Àr bra för företagets lön-samhet. Just-In-Time (JIT) Àr en produktions- och styrfilosofi inom logistiken, dÀr det huvudsakliga mÄlet Àr att minska lagernivÄerna och att eliminera allt onödigt. Syftet med denna studie Àr att finna ett samband mellan JIT och lönsamhet ur ett logistiskt perspektiv. Vid studien anvÀnds DuPont-modellen som definition av lönsamhet samt som ett jÀmförelseverktyg dÀr sex olika finansiella faktorer mÀts. Metoden för studien Àr kvalitativ i form av en litteraturstudie. Materialet som analyseras hÀmtas endast frÄn Arcadas databaser och analysen av materialet sker i form av innehÄllsanalys. Resultaten av materialet som analyserades Àr vÀldigt blandat. MÄnga studier pÄpekar att det rÄder brist pÄ forskning inom detta ÀmnesomrÄdet, vilket Àven kan vara orsaken till dessa blandade resultat. Det gÄr dock att urskilja tre finansiella mÄtt frÄn DuPont-modellen som pÄver-kas positivt av JIT. Dessa Àr: intÀkter, kostnader och lager. Ingen studie visade att JIT skulle ha negativ inverkan pÄ ett företags lönsamhet. Andra intressanta faktorer som JIT hade en positiv inverkan pÄ Àr operativa prestanda, t.ex. minskade ledtider
The evolutionary dynamics of plastic foraging and its ecological consequences: a resource-consumer model
Enhance quality care performance: Determination of the variables for establishing a common database in French paediatric critical care units
Abstract Selected variables for the French Paediatric Intensive Care registry. Rationale, aims, and objectives Providing quality care requires follow-up in regard to clinical and economic activities. Over the past decade, medical databases and patient registries have expanded considerably, particularly in paediatric critical care medicine (eg, the Paediatric Intensive Care Audit Network (PICANet) in the UK, the Australian and New Zealand Paediatric Intensive Care (ANZPIC) Registry in Australia and New Zealand, and the Virtual Paediatric Intensive Care Unit Performance System (VPS) in the USA). Such a registry is not yet available in France. The aim of this study was to determine variables that ought to be included in a French paediatric critical care registry. Methods Variables, items, and subitems from 3 foreign registries and 2 French local databases were used. Items described each variable, and subitems described items. The Delphi method was used to evaluate and rate 65 variables, 90 items, and 17 subitems taking into account importance or relevance based on input from 28 French physicians affiliated with the French Paediatric Critical Care Group. Two ratings were used between January and May 2013. Results Fifteen files from 10 paediatric intensive care units were included. Out of 65 potential variables, 48 (74%) were considered to be indispensable, 16 (25%) were considered to be optional, and 1 (2%) was considered to be irrelevant. Out of 90 potential items, 62 (69%) were considered to be relevant, 23 (26%) were considered to be of little relevance, and 5 (6%) were considered to be irrelevant. Out of 17 potential subitems, 9 (53%) were considered to be relevant, 6 (35%) were considered to be of little relevance, and 2 (12%) were considered to be irrelevant. Conclusions The necessary variables that ought to be included in a French paediatric critical care registry were identified. The challenge now is to develop the French registry for paediatric intensive care units
Monitoring Cerebral and Renal Oxygenation Status during Neonatal Digestive Surgeries Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy
BackgroundDepending on the initial pathology, hypovolemia, intra-abdominal hypertension, and sepsis are often encountered in neonatal digestive surgery. Accurate newborn monitoring during and after surgery is essential to adapt resuscitation protocols. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is non-invasive and can detect hypoperfusion which indicates a low circulatory blood flow, regardless of the cause.ObjectiveEvaluating changes in cerebral and renal regional oxygen saturation during neonatal digestive surgeries, conducted according to normal practices, with commonly used monitoring parameters. Analyzing retrospectively the inter-relationships between NIRS values and mean arterial pressure (MAP) values as well as pre-ductal SpO2.MethodsProspective, descriptive, monocentric study. All neonates referred for surgery were included. NIRS allows the measurement of cerebral and renal oxygenation fluctuations, as well as calculating difference in intraoperative and postoperative values.ResultsNineteen patients were included. Cerebral regional oxygen saturation (C rSO2) values were stable while renal regional oxygen saturation (R rSO2) values tended to decrease with time during surgery. Indeed, 72% of rSO2 decline episodes occurred after the first 30âmin of surgery, without any significant statistical differences for the next 90âmin of surgery. After surgery, the lowest average C and R rSO2 values were evidenced during the first 6âh, with 60% of C rSO2 and R rSO2 anomalies occurring in that time frame. There was no significant statistical difference observed in the following 18âh. There was a significant correlation between R rSO2 and SpO2 values (pâ<â0.01), but not with C rSO2 values. There was no correlation with the MAP either for the C rSO2 values or R rSO2 ones.ConclusionNIRS is a promising non-invasive bedside tool to monitor cerebral and tissue perfusion, analyzing tissue microcirculation. NIRS has its interest to guide neonatal digestive surgeries (bowel manipulation, viscera reduction) and may represent an early warning for identifying patients requiring resuscitation during or after these surgeries
Enabling planetary science across light-years. Ariel Definition Study Report
Ariel, the Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey, was adopted as the fourth medium-class mission in ESA's Cosmic Vision programme to be launched in 2029. During its 4-year mission, Ariel will study what exoplanets are made of, how they formed and how they evolve, by surveying a diverse sample of about 1000 extrasolar planets, simultaneously in visible and infrared wavelengths. It is the first mission dedicated to measuring the chemical composition and thermal structures of hundreds of transiting exoplanets, enabling planetary science far beyond the boundaries of the Solar System. The payload consists of an off-axis Cassegrain telescope (primary mirror 1100 mm x 730 mm ellipse) and two separate instruments (FGS and AIRS) covering simultaneously 0.5-7.8 micron spectral range. The satellite is best placed into an L2 orbit to maximise the thermal stability and the field of regard. The payload module is passively cooled via a series of V-Groove radiators; the detectors for the AIRS are the only items that require active cooling via an active Ne JT cooler. The Ariel payload is developed by a consortium of more than 50 institutes from 16 ESA countries, which include the UK, France, Italy, Belgium, Poland, Spain, Austria, Denmark, Ireland, Portugal, Czech Republic, Hungary, the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Estonia, and a NASA contribution
The evaluation of an information booklet in the use of effective patient communication in the setting of thoracic anesthesia
Effective communication is crucial in assuring a good patient experience during an in-hospital stay. In some settings, such as thoracic anaesthesia, patients are given a heavy load of new complex information, in a very limited space of time. Written information, such as patient information booklets, could help as an aid memoir and improve patientâs subjective understanding and preparedness for procedures. This study aims to produce a booklet, specifically targeted at thoracic anaesthesia, and to evaluate it using a linguistics framework in relation to the patient experience and clinical communication. For the study, a booklet was produced in the context of thoracic anaesthesia â a setting where the doctor-patient interaction is limited by time factors. The booklet was produced with reference to the BALD criteria. A questionnaire was given to patients with the booklet, focussing on patientâs subjective reflections on the effects of the booklet. The patient questionnaires showed that readability and comprehensibility of the booklet were high (96% and 93%, respectively). After having read the booklet, there was a statistically significant increase in patients feeling well informed, knowing about side-effects, what would happen in the anaesthetic room, and who to contact regarding any questions, compared to before. According to patients, giving information booklets at the time of admission could benefit patients. They are seen as an effective way of enhancing doctor-patient communication, in a setting where time could limit this interaction. They can be used effectively as a means of increasing patientâs perceived knowledge and thus improving the patient experience
the evolutionary dynamics of plastic foraging and its ecological consequences: a resource-consumer model
Phenotypic plasticity has important ecological and evolutionary consequences. In particular, behavioural phenotypic plasticity such as adaptive foraging (AF) by consumers, may enhance community stability. Yet little is known about the ecological conditions that favor the evolution of AF, and how the evolutionary dynamics of AF may modulate its effects on community stability. In order to address these questions, we constructed an eco-evolutionary model in which resource and consumer niche traits underwent evolutionary diversification. Consumers could either forage randomly, only as a function of resources abundance, or adaptatively, as a function of resource abundance, suitability and consumption by competitors. AF evolved when the niche breadth of consumers with respect to resource use was large enough and when the ecological conditions allowed substantial functional diversification. In turn, AF promoted further diversification of the niche traits in both guilds. This suggests that phenotypic plasticity can influence the evolutionary dynamics at the community-level. Faced with a sudden environmental change, AF promoted community stability directly and also indirectly through its effects on functional diversity. However, other disturbances such as persistent environmental change and increases in mortality, caused the evolutionary regression of the AF behaviour, due to its costs. The causal relationships between AF, community stability and diversity are therefore intricate, and their outcome depends on the nature of the environmental disturbance, in contrast to simpler models claiming a direct positive relationship between AF and stability
the evolutionary dynamics of plastic foraging and its ecological consequences: a resource-consumer model
Phenotypic plasticity has important ecological and evolutionary consequences. In particular, behavioural phenotypic plasticity such as adaptive foraging (AF) by consumers, may enhance community stability. Yet little is known about the ecological conditions that favor the evolution of AF, and how the evolutionary dynamics of AF may modulate its effects on community stability. In order to address these questions, we constructed an eco-evolutionary model in which resource and consumer niche traits underwent evolutionary diversification. Consumers could either forage randomly, only as a function of resources abundance, or adaptatively, as a function of resource abundance, suitability and consumption by competitors. AF evolved when the niche breadth of consumers with respect to resource use was large enough and when the ecological conditions allowed substantial functional diversification. In turn, AF promoted further diversification of the niche traits in both guilds. This suggests that phenotypic plasticity can influence the evolutionary dynamics at the community-level. Faced with a sudden environmental change, AF promoted community stability directly and also indirectly through its effects on functional diversity. However, other disturbances such as persistent environmental change and increases in mortality, caused the evolutionary regression of the AF behaviour, due to its costs. The causal relationships between AF, community stability and diversity are therefore intricate, and their outcome depends on the nature of the environmental disturbance, in contrast to simpler models claiming a direct positive relationship between AF and stability
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