805 research outputs found
Scottish contributions to rotary wing flight
This paper charts the history of rotorcraft development in Scotland. Beginning with the early efforts of Mumford to achieve rotor-borne flight, through the major technology advances of G and J Weir in the 30s and 40s up to present day activities. The paper shows that despite being a relatively small country, Scotland’s traditional expertise in engineering when applied to the development of rotorcraft,generated significant technological advances
Studies with a range of grass cultivars in small plots at Biloela, Central Queensland
Over a period of 5 years Panicum coloratum var. makarikariense cv. Bambatsi and cv. Burnett yielded well in midsummer each year but made little growth over winter, though they remained green. Cenchrus ciliaris cv. Molopo had the best winter growth and highest quality standover feed in one experiment. In old stands, however, its frost tolerance was poor. It is suggested that this may have been due to low mineralization of soil nitrogen. In all but the establishment season the buffel grasses gave higher dry-matter yields than the P. maximum cultivars, Petrie and Gatton. Quality of the buffels in terms of both nitrogen and phosphorus was, however, poorer. Chloris gayana cv. Callide and Petrie and Gatton panics were much better utilized than C. gayana cv. Pioneer, while utilization of the buffel cultivars Molopo and Biloela was intermediate. P. coloratum cv. Bambatsi and cv. Burnett were unaffected by partial flooding. This flooding severely affected most of the buffel grasses and to a lesser extent Petrie and Gatton panics. Bambatsi and Burnett panics and Digitaria smutsii were slow to establish
Effect of incorporated plant materials on germination, persistence and growth of Ladino white clover seedlings in pots
In a pot experiment the incorporation of the equivalent of 15·5 tonnes/ha of finely milled oven-dry aerial portions of three grass species in the top 2·5 cm of soil resulted in a number of distinct effects on the germination, persistence and subsequent growth of Ladino white clover (Trifolium repens) seedlings. The three species, Paspalum dilatatum, Bromus unioloides and Ronpha grass (Phalaris sp.), caused differing reductions in the speed of emergence, total emergence and persistence of emerged seedlings compared with no
incorporated plant material. The seedlings which did persist showed eventual stimulation of growth which become apparent at differing times depending on the material incorporated
Effect of Hunter River lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) on grasses in rain-grown pastures
In an infrequently grazed field experiment at Biloela, in sub-coastal Queensland, six grasses are being observed in simple combinations with good stands of Hunter River lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) or poor stands of siratro (Phaseolus atropurpureus DC.).
Results are presented for a period commencing 18 months after planting. Where the grasses were associated with lucerne, mean yield of the six grasses was increased at all but one of seven harvests over more than 2 years, the increases ranging from 36 to 74 %. Increases due to the presence of lucerne were also recorded in the total dry matter of the pasture. Nitrogen content of the grasses was improved. There was a significant increase in the yield of seed material by two buff el grass cultivars at one harvest. The possible effect of above-average winter to early summer rains in two of the three seasons is discussed
Exploration for volcanogenic sulphide mineralisation at Benglog, north Wales
Exploration for volcanogenic sulphide mineralisation
around Benglog is one of three investigations
designed to assess the metallogenic potential
of the Ordovician Aran Volcanic Group.
Detailed geological mapping in the Benglog
area enabled an interpretation of the volcanic
environment, critical to such an assessment, to be
made. The eruptive rocks are acid and basic in
composition; the acid rocks are mostly ash-flow
tuffs derived from outside the area, whereas the
basic rocks have a local derivation. They are all
interbedded with dark grey or black silty mudstone
and were probably erupted in a submarine
environment. Contemporaneous dolerite sills were
intruded into wet sediment.
This environment was suitable for volcanogenic
exhalative sulphide deposits to form and indications
of a metallogenic horizon were found at the top
of the Y Fron Formation in the form of abundant
pyrite, minor pyrrhotite and minor base metal
enrichment.
Soil samples, analysed for copper, lead and
zinc, were collected and geophysical surveys were
carried out along eleven east-west trending traverse
lines 300 m apart across the volcanic succession.
Indications were found of minor vein mineralisation
at dolerite intrusion margins and locally along
faults. Very high chargeability and low resistivity
anomalies over mudstones did not spatially
coincide with geochemical anomalies in soil, but
the secondary redistribution of metals in soils and
variable thickness of overburden precluded
confident interpretation of the source of many
soil anomalies. Geochemical drainage data, in
conjunction with rock analyses, show strong
barium enrichment in mudstones which could be
volcanogenic in origin but related to two separate
eruptive episodes.
The findings of the survey were inconclusive.
An environment suitable for the formation of
volcanogenic exhalative sulphide deposits was
established, but the geochemical and geophysical
surveys located only minor vein mineralisation and
tenuous indications of other styles of mineralisation.
Recommendations are made for further work
Collation of the results of the 2014 aggregate minerals survey for England and Wales
1.1 Aggregate Minerals (AM) surveys, normally undertaken at four-yearly
intervals since 1973, provide an in-depth and up-to-date understanding of
national and sub-national sales, inter-regional flows, transportation,
consumption and permitted reserves of primary aggregates. The surveys are
used to inform the development of minerals policy in respect to the
production, movement and consumption of aggregates. The data are made
publicly available.
1.2 This report is the collation of the data for primary aggregates for 2014,
therefore there has been a five year period between this and the previous
survey (AM2009). In addition to presenting information on regional and
national sales, consumption, and permitted reserves of primary aggregates,
the AM2014 report also presents data on the movement and consumption of
primary aggregates by sub-region. Information is also presented on the
quantity of aggregate minerals granted and refused planning permission and
planning permission applications withdrawn between 2010 and 2014. In
addition, information is presented on the quantity of aggregate minerals
within planning permission applications submitted between 2010 and 2014
and were awaiting a decision at 31 December 2014.
1.3 The information is presented for England and Wales and for
individual regions and was collected from aggregate producers by Mineral
Planning Authorities (MPAs) using a standard form (Appendix F). It was
subsequently collated at regional level by the relevant Aggregate Working
Party Secretary (Appendix I) or the British Geological Survey (BGS)1 and at
national level by the BGS on behalf of the Department for Communities and
Local Government (DCLG) and the Welsh Government. Similar information
was published by the then Department of the Environment for 1973, 1977,
1985, 1989 and 1993, the Department of the Environment, Transport and the
Regions for 1997, the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister for 2001 and the
Department for Communities and Local Government and the Welsh
Assembly Government for 2005 and 2009 (Appendix H). Comparisons of
sales, consumption and permitted reserves for these years and 2014 are
provided in Tables D1 to D3
Mineral resource information in support of national, regional and local planning : Greater Manchester (comprising cities of Manchester, Salford and the Metropolitan Boroughs of Bolton, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford and Wigan)
This report is one of a series prepared by the British Geological Survey for various administrative areas in England for the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister’s research project Mineral Resource Information in Support of National, Regional and Local Planning.
The accompanying map relates to Greater Manchester, comprising the cities of Manchester and Salford and Metropolitan Boroughs of Bolton, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford and Wigan, and delineates the mineral resources of current, or potential, economic interest in the area and the sites where minerals are or have been worked. It also relates these to national planning designations, which may represent constraints on the extraction of minerals.
Three major elements of information are presented:
• the geological distribution and importance of mineral resources
• the extent of mineral planning permissions and the location of current mineral workings
• the extent of selected, nationally-designated planning constraints
This wide range of information, much of which is scattered and not always available in a consistent and convenient form, is presented on a digitally-generated summary map on the scale of 1:100 000. This scale is convenient for the overall display of the data and allows for a legible topographic base on which to depict the information. However, all the data are held digitally at larger scales using a Geographical Information System (GIS), which allows easy revision, updating and customisation of the information together with its possible integration with other datasets. The information will form part of a Summary of the Mineral Resources of the North West Region.
The purpose of the work is to assist all interested parties involved in the preparation and review of development plans, both in relation to the extraction of minerals and the protection of mineral resources from sterilisation. It provides a knowledge base, in a consistent format, on the nature and extent of mineral resources and the environmental constraints, which may affect their extraction. An important objective is to provide baseline data for the long term. The results may also provide a starting point for discussions on specific planning proposals for mineral extraction or on proposals, which may sterilise resources.
It is anticipated that the maps and report will also provide valuable background data for a much wider audience, including the different sectors of the minerals industry, other agencies and authorities (e.g. The Planning Inspectorate Agency, the Environment Agency, the Countryside Agency and English Nature), environmental interests and the general public.
Basic mineral resource information is essential to support mineral exploration and development activities, for resource management and land-use planning, and to establish baseline data for environmental impact studies and environmental guidelines. It also enables a more sustainable pattern and standard of development to be achieved by valuing mineral resources as national assets.
The mineral resources covered are sand and gravel, crushed rock aggregate, brick clay, building stone, peat, coal, and hydrocarbons
Mineral exploration in the Lower Palaeozoic rocks of south-west Cumbria. Part 1, regional surveys
The results of geochemical, geological and geophysical surveys over Lower Palaeozoic rocks in the
south-western part of Cumbria are given in two reports. This report (Part 1) describes the results of a
geochemical drainage survey and an examination of mineralised sites, and relates them to information
from new geological mapping and an assessment of regional geophysical data. Part 2 contains details
of follow-up surveys in the Black Combe inlier.
The geochemical drainage survey, involving the collection and analysis of heavy mineral concentrates
and stream sediment samples from 119 sites, found substantial antimony, arsenic, barium, bismuth,
copper, iron, lead, tin, tungsten and zinc anomalies. Gold was reported for the first time from this part
of the Lake District: small amounts were noted in panned concentrates from five sites. Other minerals
identified in panned concentrates included arsenopyrite, baryte, bismutite, bismuthinite, cassiterite,
chalcopyrite, cerussite, pyrite, pyromorphite, scheelite, sphalerite, stolzite and wolfram&e.
The examination of old workings and outcrops revealed many undocumented occurrences of quartzsulphide
vein-style mineralisation. The chemical analysis of samples taken from old workings and
other occurrences confirmed field observations that locally, particularly in the Black Combe area, this
mineralisation is polymetallic with variable amounts of arsenic, gold, bismuth, copper, lead, zinc and
in a few cases antimony, barium, cobalt, nickel, tungsten and tin. Iron mineralisation occurs both as
oxide (hematite) and sulphide deposits. Mercury was present in appreciable amounts in samples from
the High Brow pyrite mine.
The distribution of panned concentrate anomalies suggests that the vein-style mineralisation is
polyphase and that individual phases may be zoned. Highest zinc anomalies occur near Torver and the
highest lead on the west side of Black Combe. Tin and tungsten are restricted largely to the central
part of Black Combe, and the most prominent arsenic and bismuth anomalies are found in the same
area. Copper anomalies are widespread over the Skiddaw Group and the Borrowdale Volcanic Group.
Barium anomalies indicate that baryte mineralisation is weak and localised, occurring principally
within the Black Combe area and close to the Windermere Supergroup basal unconformity. Iron
oxides from host rocks and hematite mineralisation are responsible for local enrichments of iron,
antimony, arsenic and molybdenum in panned concentrates
Mineral resource information in support of national, regional and local planning : Cheshire (comprising Cheshire, Boroughs of Halton and Warrington)
This report is one of a series prepared by the British Geological Survey for various administrative areas in England for the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister’s research project Mineral Resource Information in Support of National, Regional and Local Planning.
The accompanying map relates to the county of Cheshire (comprising Cheshire, Boroughs of Halton and Warrington), and delineates the mineral resources of current, or potential, economic interest in the area and the sites where minerals are or have been worked. It also relates these to national planning designations, which may represent constraints on the extraction of minerals.
Three major elements of information are presented:
• the geological distribution and importance of mineral resources;
• the extent of mineral planning permissions and the location of current mineral workings; and
• the extent of selected, nationally-designated planning constraints.
This wide range of information, much of which is scattered and not always available in a consistent and convenient form, is presented on a digitally-generated summary map on the scale of 1:100 000. This scale is convenient for the overall display of the data and allows for a legible topographic base on which to depict the information. However, all the data are held digitally at larger scales using a Geographical Information System (GIS), which allows easy revision, updating and customisation of the information together with its possible integration with other datasets. The information will form part of a Summary of the Mineral Resources of the North West Region.
The purpose of the work is to assist all interested parties involved in the preparation and review of development plans, both in relation to the extraction of minerals and the protection of mineral resources from sterilisation. It provides a knowledge base, in a consistent format, on the nature and extent of mineral resources and the environmental constraints, which may affect their extraction. An important objective is to provide baseline data for the long term. The results may also provide a starting point for discussion on specific planning proposals for minerals extraction or on proposals, which may sterilise resources.
It is anticipated that the map and report will also provide valuable background data for a much wider audience, including the different sectors of the minerals industry, other agencies and authorities (e.g. The Planning Inspectorate Agency, the Environment Agency, The Countryside Agency and English Nature), environmental interests and the general public.
Basic mineral resource information is essential to support mineral exploration and development activities, for resource management and land-use planning, and to establish baseline data for environmental impact studies and environmental guidelines. It also enables a more sustainable pattern and standard of development to be achieved by valuing mineral resources as national assets.
The mineral resources covered are sand and gravel, crushed rock aggregate, silica sand, salt, brick clay, building stones, peat, coal, hydrocarbons and metalliferous mineralisation
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