Culture-Negative Endophthalmitis Following Implantation of a Phakic Implantable Collamer Lens

PURPOSE: This work describes a case of (formerly ) endophthalmitis following a posterior-chamber, phakic, Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) surgery. METHODS: A 34-year-old previously healthy woman presented with chronic unilateral iritis 8 months after bilateral ICL surgery. Original testing revealed no cause for the iritis with normal culture, serology, and autoimmune testing results. RESULTS: Follow-up revealed by polymerase chain reaction on vitrectomy samples. Complete resolution of symptoms was achieved following removal of the implant, lensectomy, and intravitreal antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: We believe this is the first reported case of postphakic ICL endophthalmitis. It highlights the utility of polymerase chain reaction in cases of chronic uveitis

Choice, habit and evolution

The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com Copyright SpringerSeveral leading mainstream economists including Gary Becker have treated habit as serially correlated behaviour resulting from deliberate choices. This approach puts choice before habit but involves assumptions of extensive memory and decision-making capacity. By contrast, earlier authors such as William James, John Dewey and Thorstein Veblen saw deliberation and choice as a contingent outcome of habits, where the latter are defined in terms of acquired dispositions rather than overt behaviour. The approach of this second group is more consistent with an evolutionary perspective and the limited computational capacities of the human brain. © Springer-Verlag 2009.Peer reviewe