Treatment of locally advanced, unresectable or medically inoperable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer; the past, present and future of chemoradiotherapy

We aimed to review the development of the chemoradiotherapy options used in the treatment of locally advanced, unresectable or medically inoperable Stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with this review. There are many differences about extent and localization of disease for locally advanced stage NSCLC. The optimal management depends upon multiple factors, including the specific combination of tumor (T) and node (N) staging parameters, the potential to achieve a complete surgical resection of all disease if indicated, and the patient's overall condition and preferences. Chemoradiotherapy has always been the cornerstone of treatment of locally advanced NSCLC and techniques have significantly advanced over this time. Radiation oncology needs to develop the new techniques to improve their survival and the toxicity associated with treatment

The Effect of Noise Meters Giving Visual and Auditory Alarms Used on Reducing Noise in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Aim: This study was conducted to determine the effect of the use of a noise meter emitting visual and auditory alarms on reducing noise

The effect of training on noise reduction in neonatal intensive care units

Purpose: Noise, an environmental stimulus, is especially important in the neurobehavioral development of newborns and brain development of infants at high risk. Conditions in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) may cause certain sensory stimuli that are not appropriate for the development of newborns, especially preterm infants. This study was conducted in order to determine noise levels in the NICU and to evaluate the effect of training provided for noise control

The effect of vision on top.down modulation of hand blink reflex

Objective: The magnitude of hand blink reflex (HBR) increases when a threatening stimulus is positioned in the peripersonal space (PPS) compared with stimulus in the extrapersonal space (EPS). We hypothesized that the reflex increase in PPS might change depending on whether the stimulus was seen. We aimed to investigate the alterations in HBR response to understand the effects of vision on cortical modulation of HBR. Methods: The HBR was recorded from 11 healthy volunteers while the hand was far away from the face (EPS), close to the face with eyes open (PPS-eyes open), and close to the face with eyes closed (PPS-eyes closed). Changes in the response magnitudes were compared between the three conditions. Results: HBR was obtained in all subjects. As expected, there was an increase in the reflex magnitude in the PPS-eyes open condition relative to EPS. In the PPS-eyes closed condition, the duration and latency were shorter and the area under the curve was significantly smaller compared with the PPS-eyes open condition. Conclusion: The enhancement of HBR in PPS is attributed to tonic top-down modulation. Our study provides evidence for the special sensory modulation of the PPS effect on HBR and may suggest cortical modulation of top-down modulation of brainstem neural circuits

The effect of vision on top.down modulation of hand blink reflex

Objective: The magnitude of hand blink reflex (HBR) increases when a threatening stimulus is positioned in the peripersonal space (PPS) compared with stimulus in the extrapersonal space (EPS). We hypothesized that the reflex increase in PPS might change depending on whether the stimulus was seen. We aimed to investigate the alterations in HBR response to understand the effects of vision on cortical modulation of HBR. Methods: The HBR was recorded from 11 healthy volunteers while the hand was far away from the face (EPS), close to the face with eyes open (PPS-eyes open), and close to the face with eyes closed (PPS-eyes closed). Changes in the response magnitudes were compared between the three conditions. Results: HBR was obtained in all subjects. As expected, there was an increase in the reflex magnitude in the PPS-eyes open condition relative to EPS. In the PPS-eyes closed condition, the duration and latency were shorter and the area under the curve was significantly smaller compared with the PPS-eyes open condition. Conclusion: The enhancement of HBR in PPS is attributed to tonic top-down modulation. Our study provides evidence for the special sensory modulation of the PPS effect on HBR and may suggest cortical modulation of top-down modulation of brainstem neural circuits

The relation of psychogenic excoriation with psychiatric disorders: A comparative study

Psychogenic excoriation (PE), characterized by excessive scratching or picking of the skin, is not yet recognized as a symptom of a distinct DSM-IV disorder. It is a chronic disorder with a high rate of psychiatric comorbidity. The purpose of this study was to compare patients diagnosed with PE and patients with another dermatological disease in terms of comorbid psychiatric disorders. Thirty-one consecutive subjects were recruited from an outpatient dermatology clinic. The control group was composed of 31 patients with chronic urticaria. All subjects were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID-I), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), and Yale-Brown Obsession and Compulsion Scale (Y-BOCS) and also completed a semistructured questionnaire. Current major depressive syndrome was the most common psychiatric disorder in the PE group. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of current major depressive syndrome (PE group 58.1%, control group 6.5%, P < .01). In the PE group, 45.2% of subjects were diagnosed with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), while the rate of OCD was only 3.7% in the control group (P < .01). The PE group scored significantly higher on the BDI, HARS, and Y-BOCS. The results of this study point to the close relationship of PE to depression and OCD. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Expression of anger and alexithymia in patients with psychogenic excoriation: A preliminary report

Objective: Psychogenic excoriation (PE), which is characterized by lesions formed by self-picking, has a significant place among the dermatoses related to psychological factors. Emotions, particularly anger that cannot be expressed, may be important in the etiology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sociodemographic characteristics of patients with PE and with another psychodermatosis, and compare them in terms of anger, manner of anger expression, and alexithymia. Methods: Thirty-one consecutive subjects with PE and thirty-one patients with chronic urticaria were recruited from an outpatient dermatology clinic. All of the subjects completed Toronto Alexithymia Scale and Trait Anger and Anger Expression Scale. Results: PE patients had higher levels of anger (p < .01), tended not to show their anger (p < .05), and were more alexithymia (p < .05). There was also a positive correlation between anger and alexithymia scores (r = .49, p < .05). Discussion: PE, a severe and chronic psychiatric and dermatological problem, may be related to affect-regulation, particularly anger and alexithymia. Due to the fact that it has a different place among psychodermatoses, individuals with PE might benefit from learning how to regulate their affects other than by excoriation

Turkish Validation of the MISSCARE Survey - Pediatric Version

Purpose: To conduct Turkish validity and reliability study of the MISSCARE Survey-Pediatric version identifying the missed nursing care in pediatric units and its reasons

Turkish validity and reliability of the COVERS pain scale

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to determine the Turkish validity and reliability of COVERS

Comparison of clinical characteristics in trichotillomania and obsessive-compulsive disorder

Fifteen patients with trichotillomania (TM) and 25 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) were studied. All patients were evaluated using the structured clinical interwiew for DSM-III-R (SCID-P). TM and OCD patients were compared with respect to demographic variables and the scores obtained from the various scales. The TM group had a greater percentage of women and showed an earlier age at onset. There was no significant difference for depression and anxiety assessed with the STAI, HRSA, and HRSD between the groups. Compared to OCD patients, TM patients had significantly lower scores on the Y-BOCS. The two groups were similar on the measures of resistance to and control of the hair pulling/compulsive symptoms. We found significantly higher incidence of anxiety and depressive disorders, and Axis Il personality disorders for OCD patients. These findings are discussed in the view of results from earlier reports. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved