Effects of Persuasive Dialogues: Testing Bot Identities and Inquiry Strategies

Intelligent conversational agents, or chatbots, can take on various identities and are increasingly engaging in more human-centered conversations with persuasive goals. However, little is known about how identities and inquiry strategies influence the conversation's effectiveness. We conducted an online study involving 790 participants to be persuaded by a chatbot for charity donation. We designed a two by four factorial experiment (two chatbot identities and four inquiry strategies) where participants were randomly assigned to different conditions. Findings showed that the perceived identity of the chatbot had significant effects on the persuasion outcome (i.e., donation) and interpersonal perceptions (i.e., competence, confidence, warmth, and sincerity). Further, we identified interaction effects among perceived identities and inquiry strategies. We discuss the findings for theoretical and practical implications for developing ethical and effective persuasive chatbots. Our published data, codes, and analyses serve as the first step towards building competent ethical persuasive chatbots.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures. Full paper to appear at ACM CHI 202

Message ... to the Legislature.

Mode of access: Internet

Message of Governor Friend Wm. Richardson regarding acts of executive clemency transmitted to the Legislature in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and Statutes of the State of California on January 3, 1927.

Mode of access: Internet

Letter from Washington Bartlett [California] Governor to John Muir, 1887 Aug 12.

STATE of California Executive Department.To all to whom these presents shall come Greeting:-Know ye that John Muir is hereby appointed a Commissioner to attend the American Forestry Congress to be held in the City of Springfield, Ill. on September 14, 15 and 16, 1887.In testimony whereof I hereto set my hand and cause to be affixed the Great Seal of the State.Done at the City of Sacramento this 12th day of August_ in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty-seven, and of the Independence of the United States the on hundred and twelth.Washington Bartlett, Governor.William C. Hendricks Secretary of State.01272[embossed with state seal?]https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/jmcl/37183/thumbnail.jp

Letter from Washington Bartlett [California] Governor to John Muir, 1887 Aug 12.

STATE of California Executive Department.To all to whom these presents shall come Greeting:-Know ye that John Muir is hereby appointed a Commissioner to attend the American Forestry Congress to be held in the City of Springfield, Ill. on September 14, 15 and 16, 1887.In testimony whereof I hereto set my hand and cause to be affixed the Great Seal of the State.Done at the City of Sacramento this 12th day of August_ in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty-seven, and of the Independence of the United States the on hundred and twelth.Washington Bartlett, Governor.William C. Hendricks Secretary of State.01272[embossed with state seal?]https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/jmcl/37183/thumbnail.jp

Thanksgiving proclamation. November 5th 1904.

Thanksgiving proclamation

Thanksgiving proclamation November 3, 1903.

Thanksgiving proclamation

Budget submitted to the California legislature.

Other slight variations in title.Period covered by report ends June 30.Mode of access: Internet.Prepared 19 by the State Board of Control and State Controller; 19 by Dept. of Finance, Division of Budgets and Accounts.Superseded by its Support and local assistance budget and its Capital outlay budget submitted to the California Legislature