Return Migration to Mali: Examining definitions and statistical sources

The Cross-Regional Information System (CRIS) on the Reintegration of Migrants in their Countries of Origin is part of the Return Migration and Development Platform (RDP) hosted by the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute, Florence.The definitions of return migration adopted by national censuses and large-scale surveys reflect domestic policy perceptions and priorities as applied to return and return migrants. The first part of this study explores the ways in which the definitions adopted by national statistical agencies in West Africa and, more specifically in Mali, have varied over time with various types of migration flows in specific periods of time, the priority given to nation-building dynamics, and with the influence of external drivers. The second part sets out to investigate the sources of official data on return migration in Mali and discusses the availability and reliability of such data. A section is devoted to so-called “enforced return”, i.e., the removal of unauthorized migrants, which has been subject to major policy attention in bilateral and multilateral talks involving Mali while shaping at the same time policy priorities and perceptions.CRIS is co-funded by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC, Berne) and the European University Institute

The Challenging Integration Paths of Migrant Health Professionals: The Case of Filipino and Indian Nurses in the UK

This article examines the role of institutional factors in shaping the integration paths of migrant health professionals. For this purpose, it draws on two studies focusing on Filipino and Indian nurses working in the UK, which rely on quantitative and qualitative methods, including a web survey and semi-structured interviews. The analysis shows that inequalities have arisen from differentiation processes induced by changes in the institutional settings. Furthermore, inequalities are often reflected in poor working conditions. The authors have identified restrictive rules on immigration and access to the profession as a source of uncertainty and reveal the differentiation of entry paths, with those arriving through an international recruitment agency more frequently disappointed with their working conditions

Osservatorio Normativa Evoluzione della normativa urbanistica: la frammentazione dopo l’omogeneità

Il numero dedicato ai 150 anni dell’unità nazionale vede l’osservatorio normativo strutturato diversamente dal solito. Invece di analizzare alcune norme che fanno capo all’argomento del numero della rivista, l’osservatorio, in questo caso, vuole compiere un approfondimento sull’evoluzione della normativa in campo urbanistico (o, più in generale, nel campo del governo del territorio) segnalando, nel contempo, un rischio grave: il processo di regionalizzazione, prima, e di federalizzazione dello Stato italiano, poi, sta conducendo ad una tale frammentazione della normativa di settore che le diverse Regioni, nonostante il richiamo a principi unitari, ormai ragionano in modo divergente e differenziato in un settore di estrema delicatezza quale quello della gestione del territorio

Partial Craniofacial Cartilage Rescue in ace/fgf8 Mutants from Compensatory Signaling From the Ventricle of Danio Rerio

Examples of asymmetric organs are found throughout the animal kingdom. Whether it is superficial like the fiddler crab’s claw or within an organism like our visceral organs, asymmetries have repeatedly evolved in nature. However, the genetic and developmental origins for asymmetric organ development remain unclear, especially for superficially paired structures. Within zebrafish, a striking example of asymmetry occurs within the ace/fgf8 mutant. The pharyngeal cartilages of these mutants develop asymmetrically 35% of the time, with more cartilages developing on the left or right side of the head, but the origins of this asymmetry are unknown. A significant proportion of mutants also exhibit situs inversus, whereby the visceral organs develop on the opposite side of the body. Here we seek to understand the temporal window most sensitive to giving rise to this asymmetry, and to understand if there is a correlation between the developing heart field and pharyngeal cartilage with respect to the direction of the asymmetry. Wild type (WT) zebrafish were exposed to SU5402 during different periods of development, and heart position as well as cartilage development was observed within the developing larvae. The direction of asymmetry (i.e., left or right biased) was also recorded in ace/fgf8 mutant heart position and cartilage number to observe if there was a correlation between the two developing fields. SU5402 experiments revealed that the time window most sensitive to the development of cartilage asymmetries was during heart looping and pharyngeal arch segmentation. Furthermore, ace/fgf8 mutants exhibited a robust correlation between ventricle position and the side of cartilage asymmetry, with more cartilages forming on the side where the ventricle is located. Given the close proximity of the heart and pharyngeal cartilage fields we suggest that the heart field is influencing the developing cartilage, with signaling permeating from the developing heart to the pharyngeal mesoderm to provide a buffer on the side of the developing ventricle

Kit de mesure des micropolluants dans les eaux

Ces travaux présentent de nouvelles microélectrodes à fibre de carbone, leur procédé de préparation et leur application à l’analyse électrochimique des micropolluants organiques (MPO), ainsi que leur mise en œuvre au sein du premier prototype de kit portable. La Commission Européenne exige que la concentration maximale par composé dans l’eau destinée à la consommation humaine ne dépasse pas 0,1 μg/L et que la concentration maximale pour tous ces composés ne dépasse pas 0,5 μg/L. Nos travaux ont permis d’atteindre une limite de détection égale à la limite de qualité dans l’eau destinée à la consommation humaine, soit 0,1 μg/L, pour le paranitrophénol (PNP), alors que dans le milieu naturel les concentrations rencontrées sont de l’ordre de quelques μg/L. De plus la facilité d’utilisation de ces microélectrodes, leur versatilité et leur petite taille, nous a permis d’élaborer un kit de mesure des MPO dans les milieux aquatiques employé pour des analyses décentralisées

1er kit portable pour la mesure des micropolluants organiques (MPO) aquatiques

National audienc

Prove di comprensione del testo: dalla somministrazione alla revisione

The paper describes the review procedure for a reading comprehension test designed for high school students. The objective is to analyze the functioning of a measuring instrument, used in the context of an investigation on reading in the high schools of three Italian regions – Basilicata, Calabria and Campania – in order to improve and perfect this instrument in view of the subsequent research phases. The reflections that follow are intended to provide a guide for the interpretation of the response frequencies, the indices of discrimination and difficulty, useful for establishing which questions need further revision. By analyzing internal consistency, construct validity, understood as item discriminativity, difficulty, biserial point values and distribution of answers on the four options provided by the multiple answer, we intend to demonstrate how, by administering the same test several times, we they can obtain new indications that allow them to file and refine the problematic questions, reflecting on the critical issues that have emerged (Agrusti, 2008)