In-vitro determination of antibacterial effect of crude extract obtained from the leaves of andrographis paniculata (serpentina) on klebsielle pneumoniae

The study was made to determine the antimicrobial effect of crude extract obtained from the leaves of andrographic paniculate (serpentina) against klebsiella pneumoniae. An in vitro study that involves treatment with A. peniculata (serpentina) leaf crude extracts, gentamicin and ceftriaxone against K, pneumoniae were determined by measuring the inhibition zone of the drugs and plant extract on the bacterial culture after 24 hours of observation.The crude extract of A. paniculata had no inhibitory effect in the growth of K, pneumoniae. Therefore, K. pneumoniae exhibited resistance to plant crude extracts. Further studies on A. paniculate bioactive molecules and inhibitory effect to other bacterial growth were recommended

The association between colorectal cancer and smoking among gastrointestinal patients in De La Salle University Medical Center from 2010-2014 : a case control study

The objective of the study was to determine the association between colorectal cancer and smoking among gastrointestinal patients in De La Salle University Medical Center from 2010-2014. The study used an analytical case-control research design. A total number of 143 cases (colorectal cancer patients) and 143 controls (non-colorectal cancer patients) were part of the sample population, to which medical records were reviewed and selected by simple random sampling. A survey questionnaire was the tool used and Data was analysed using percentage, mean, t-test, and measure of association, odds ratio. There was no sufficient evidence to conclude the association between colorectal cancer and smoking for ages 19 years old and above in De La Salle University Medical Center from 2010-2014. However, smoking when combined with male gender or alcohol consumption was both associated with the development of colorectal cancer