Raționalizarea parlamentară informală a constituției și instabilitatea ministerială: spații de reflexie de la A Treia Republică Franceză la Constituția română din 1923 / The informal parliamentary rationalization of the Constitution and ministerial instability: insights from the French Third Republic and the Romanian Constitution of 1923

There are different ways to amend a Constitution: alongside formal changes, i.e. consisting of specific constitutional revisions, informal changes can be identified, i.e. those transformations of the constitutional system implemented, or with legal acts that do not integrate formal constitutional revisions (ordinary laws of Parliament or referendums; organic laws or constitutional implementation, parliamentary regulations; constitutional jurisprudence) or through juridical facts (customs and constitutional conventions). Constitutional changes could, therefore, lead to a change in the Constitution, leaving the operative text formally unchanged. Boris Mirkine Guetzèvitch, referring to the concept of parliamentary rationalization, provided a broad version of its meaning: “phénomène constant du devenir constitutionnel moderne, par quoi le fait métajuridique du pouvoir le cède aux règles du droit écrit” [en: a constant phenomenon of modern constitutional development, whereby the metajuridical fact of power yields to the rules of the written law]. In this way, there would be an unwritten constitutional law which would influence the configuration of written constitutional law, determining its evolution. The intervention aims to analyze some examples of tacit modifications of the Constitution taking inspiration from the paradigmatic case of the French Third Republic and from the Romanian Constitution of 1923

Un prisma costituzionale, la protezione della Costituzione: dalla democrazia “militante” all’autodifesa costituzionale

The essay analyzes the concept of militant democracy starting from the theory of Karl Loewen stein to test the transformations of the concept, which has incorporated different forms of de fense of the Constitution. In fact, starting with the defense against anti-system parties, which banned them from the constitutional order, the notion of defense of democratic principles today includes, on the one hand, the eternity clauses as a limit to the constitutional revi sion and the fundamental rights as a limit to European law, and on the other hand, all those clauses or emergency procedures that make it possible to face unforeseeable events (such as the terrorism and the pandemic crisis) but only in compliance with the principle of legality. In addition, the use of the “self-defense” tools of the Constitution must always be supervised by the organs, the Constitutional Courts, which are constitutionally responsible for the protec tion of democracy, with all its historical background of principles, values and rights. Only in this way we can prevent that militant democracy, originally conceived for the defense of the Constitution, can be transformed into an instrument that weakens it

Processi politici e nuove tecnologie

Il volume raccoglie i contributi dei partecipanti al convegno "Processi politici e nuove tecnologie" tenutosi a Bari il 22 giugno 2023 nell'ambito del progetto dell'Università degli Studi di Bari - Horizon Europe Seeds 2022-2022 "Libertà di opinione, nuove tecnologie e formazione del consenso