Adaptation of cotton to different watering regimes

Many physiological functions and morphological properties determining yield of cotton plant may inhibited by different water regimes. The aim of the present study was to investigate morpho-physiological adaptation of cotton plants to different irrigation regimes. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted under fully controlled growth chamber. Cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were exposed three irrigation regimes. Plants were irrigated when water holding capacity reach 20%, 40% and 60% to field capacity in I20, I40 and I60 treatments respectively. Physiological parameters such as transpiration, canopy temperature depression (CTD) and SPAD values and morphological parameters such as adaxial and abaxial stomatal density were determined. Lowest transpiration found in I20 treatments than I40 and I60 treatments. SPAD value remained lower level in I20 treatment whereas higher in I60 treatments during different irrigation regimes. Stomatal density was higher in adaxial surface than abaxial surface of leaves. On the other hand, increasing stoma number per unit leaf area in adaxial surface with lower irrigation frequency was recorded. Our results suggested that cotton plants adapt to different water regimes via regulating transpiring organs and their functions

ADAPTATION OF COTTON (Gossypium hirsutum L.) TO LIMITED WATER CONDITIONS: REVERSIBLE CHANGE IN CANOPY TEMPERATURE

WOS: 000549175400008Improving cotton yield under limited water supply needs to deeper understanding of the plant's response and adapting strategies to improve their tolerance. Effects of limited water conditions on ten cotton genotypes (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were examined in a field experiment to evaluate their tolerance level and explore time depending changes in canopy temperature and leaf greenness as indirect determinations of leaf water-status and chlorophyll density. Plant height shortened (15%), dry matter accumulation inhibited (36%), ball number (35%) and eventually lint yield (35%) decreased of all cotton genotypes since irrigation amount decreased 32% under limited watering conditions (LWC). Significant genotypic variation in tolerance level and yielding capacity under LWC were found among genotypes. Leaf tissues accumulated higher proline (stress-related amino acid) to adapt lower water potential conditions while canopy temperature depression (CTD) reversibly decreased and SPAD values were increased. A strong correlation between relative changes in CTD and SPAD values and a significant variation in ability of the cotton genotypes to recover CTD under limited water conditions were found. Our results also suggested that the higher ability to recover CTD of cotton leaves was associated with lower total dry weight reduction and water stress susceptibility under limited water conditions.Ege University (Scientific Research Projects Unit)Ege University [2014/ZRF/026]The data presented in this paper is the part of Master Thesis of Ugur Cakalogullari. the authors thank to the Research Fund of Ege University (Scientific Research Projects Unit) for their financial support to this study (Project no: 2014/ZRF/026). They also thank to MAY Seed Co. for providing cotton seeds

MITIGATE GRAIN YIELD LOSSES OF WHEAT UNDER TERMINAL DROUGHT STRESS BY DIFFERENT NITROGEN APPLICATIONS

WOS: 000413647600045Water and nitrogen are both most limiting factors for plant growth and productivity. Effects of different nitrogen applications on grain yield of wheat under terminal drought stress were investigated in the present study. A field experiment was conducted with a bread wheat cultivar Gonen in two experimental sites characterized by loamy-sand (Menemen) and clay-loam (Bornova) soils. Rainout shelters were used to exclude rain from drought imposed plots during grain filling stage. Gradually decrease in soil moisture content caused significant decrease in grain yield in both experimental sites. However, higher yield were recorded in loamy-sand soils (LSs) than clay-loam soils (CLs) in all treatments. Thousand grain yield and grain number per spike were also decreased due to drought conditions. Similar to grain yield, both parameters were also significantly lower in CLs than LSs. Split nitrogen treatment included flowering stage caused a significant decrease in grain yield because of lower biomass production during earlier development stages. Our findings suggested that higher biomass which could be obtained by high earlier nitrogen application may provide an advantage in wheat production for later drought conditions.Ege University (Scientific Research Project)Ege University [2009ZRF064]The data presented in this paper is the part of PhD. Thesis of Ozgur Tatar. This study financially supported by Ege University (Scientific Research Project No: 2009ZRF064)

EFFECT OF LIGHT INTENSITY ON DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION OF BARLEY FODDER IN A VERTICAL FARMING GROWTH MODULE

WOS:000596730700040Considering the increase in forage requirement in livestock, lack of same quality products throughout the year. fertilizer and chemical costs, insufficient water resources and environmental restrictions caused by climate change; studies providing solutions for forage production are getting more attention. Vertical farming which is the method of growing crops in vertically stacked layers under controlled environment is one of the promising techniques to protect environmental resources. provide continuous and sustainable forage production. Effect of light intensity on dry matter accumulation and physiology of barley fodder in a vertical farming growth module was investigated in the present study. The experiment was consisted of eight micro chambers represented the growth modules of vertical farming system placed in fully controlled growth chamber. There were four different light intensity, two repetitions each of 40, 100, 160 and 220 mu mol/m(2).s. Plants were sampled every day during all experimental period (8 days). Leaf area and fresh/dry weight of root and leaves were determined Furthermore, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents of leaves were analyzed Module based water use of each light treatments were calculated in line with the results, higher light intensity was found to affect the dry matter accumulation positively; since the physiological properties of barley fodder growing under 160 and 220 mu mol/m(2).s. light intensity are almost the same, it is recommended to use 160 mu mol/m(2).s. light intensity in terms of energy saving. Based on the data obtained from the present micro-level lab-scale study revealed that the effect of factors such as temperature, humidity, water use and seeding density should also be examined in order to provide the best growing conditions for the future studies

EFFECT OF DROUGHT STRESS ON YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS OF COMMON WHEAT DURING GRAIN FILLING STAGE

Wheat (T. aestivum) has a crucial role for human diet especially in developing countries. Changes in precipitation intensity, amounts and patterns restrict wheat growth and productivity under rainfed conditions. Thus, assessment of drought effects during growth stages of wheat on grain yield and quality traits has substantial importance. Grain filling stage, coincides with early spring when the rainfall pattern highly variable, was considered in this study to evaluate effects of drought conditions on yield and quality of 16 wheat genotypes and determine superior varieties. Drought treatment inhibited plant height (5.5 %), 1000 grain weight (9.2 %) and grain yield (17.7 %) while harvest index increased (8.5 %). However, there was no significant effect of drought conditions on grains number spike(-1) and spike numbers m(-2). Protein content increased (31.6 %) in all genotypes, while the Zeleny sedimentation significantly decreased (8.2 %) with drought treatments during both growing seasons. Cultivars Pandas and Meta had higher grain yield under drought stress in both years whereas Line-28 and Pandas had better quality properties.Research Fund of TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [113O893]The authors thank the Research Fund of TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) for their financial support (Project No. 113O893)