Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO

Core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is one of the most energetic astrophysical events in the Universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before (pre-SN) and during the SN burst is a unique opportunity to realize the multi-messenger observation of the CCSN events. In this work, we describe the monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to the pre-SN and SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under construction in South China. The real-time monitoring system is designed with both the prompt monitors on the electronic board and online monitors at the data acquisition stage, in order to ensure both the alert speed and alert coverage of progenitor stars. By assuming a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system can be sensitive to the pre-SN neutrinos up to the distance of about 1.6 (0.9) kpc and SN neutrinos up to about 370 (360) kpc for a progenitor mass of 30$M_{\odot}$ for the case of normal (inverted) mass ordering. The pointing ability of the CCSN is evaluated by using the accumulated event anisotropy of the inverse beta decay interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos, which, along with the early alert, can play important roles for the followup multi-messenger observations of the next Galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure

Robust Control of Heterogeneous Vehicular Platoon with Non-Ideal Communication

The application of wireless communication to platooning brings such challenges as information delay and varieties of interaction topologies. To compensate for the information delay, a state predictor based control strategy is proposed, which transmits the future information of nodes instead of current values. Based on the closed loop dynamics of platoon with state predictor and feedback controller, a decoupling strategy is presented to analysis and design the platoon control system with lower order by adopting the eigenvalue decomposition of topological matrix. A numerical method based on LMI (Linear Matrix Inequality) is provided to find the required robust performance controller. Moreover, the influence of information delay on performance is studied theoretically and it is found that the tolerable maximum delay is determined by the maximum topological eigenvalue. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is validated by several comparative simulations under various conditions with other methods

Phytoextraction and Antioxidant Defense of Mangrove Seedling (<i>Kandelia obovata</i>) to Inorganic Arsenate Exposure

Increasing arsenic (As) pollution is posing potential endangerment to mangrove wetland ecosystems. Mangrove phytoextraction, translocation, and responses to As exposure must be urgently addressed. In this study, the growth and physiological response of Kandelia obovata seedlings were examined after addition of 25−200 mg kg−1 As under sediment culture conditions. Results showed that the seedling morphological variations were not significant below 100 mg kg−1 compared to the control group, indicating superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase synergetic interaction to resist the As exposure. High As concentrations (150–200 mg kg−1) inhibited the seedling growth accompanied by a significant increase in malondialdehyde content and decrease in activities of antioxidant enzymes. Toxicity symptoms and mortality appeared in 200 mg kg−1 As, presumably because the plant reached the limit of As tolerance. Besides, As accumulated mainly in roots, accounting for 87.04–97.85% of the total As, and the bioaccumulation factor (BCF) was >100%. However, the BCF and translocation factor (TF) in stems and leaves were below unity, illustrating a weak capacity of transferring As to aerial parts of the seedlings. Overall, K. obovata is a potential remediated species in polluted coastal wetlands due to high phytoextraction capacity and high tolerance to As exposure

Phytoextraction and Antioxidant Defense of Mangrove Seedling (Kandelia obovata) to Inorganic Arsenate Exposure

Increasing arsenic (As) pollution is posing potential endangerment to mangrove wetland ecosystems. Mangrove phytoextraction, translocation, and responses to As exposure must be urgently addressed. In this study, the growth and physiological response of Kandelia obovata seedlings were examined after addition of 25&minus;200 mg kg&minus;1 As under sediment culture conditions. Results showed that the seedling morphological variations were not significant below 100 mg kg&minus;1 compared to the control group, indicating superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase synergetic interaction to resist the As exposure. High As concentrations (150&ndash;200 mg kg&minus;1) inhibited the seedling growth accompanied by a significant increase in malondialdehyde content and decrease in activities of antioxidant enzymes. Toxicity symptoms and mortality appeared in 200 mg kg&minus;1 As, presumably because the plant reached the limit of As tolerance. Besides, As accumulated mainly in roots, accounting for 87.04&ndash;97.85% of the total As, and the bioaccumulation factor (BCF) was &gt;100%. However, the BCF and translocation factor (TF) in stems and leaves were below unity, illustrating a weak capacity of transferring As to aerial parts of the seedlings. Overall, K. obovata is a potential remediated species in polluted coastal wetlands due to high phytoextraction capacity and high tolerance to As exposure

An inter-frame dynamic double-threshold energy detection for spectrum sensing in cognitive radios

Abstract This paper proposes an inter-frame dynamic double threshold (IF-DDT) spectrum sensing algorithm in order to improve the sensing performance based on energy detection (ED) in cognitive radios (CRs). Based on both the activity model of the primary user (PU) and the sensing mechanism of the secondary user (SU), the proposed algorithm exploits the relationship between two adjacent sensing frames and designs dynamic double thresholds for each sensing frame to enhance spectrum sensing performance when the received energy cannot give a reliable local decision. The detection probability and false alarm probability of the proposed sensing scheme are analyzed, and an algorithm for searching the optimal dynamic double thresholds is derived with very low complexity according to the Neyman-Pearson (NP) test criterion. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the ED algorithm

Effect of solid solution time on microstructure and corrosion property of wire arc additively manufactured 2319 aluminum alloy

2319 aluminum alloy was prepared using wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technique. The solid solution time of achieving improving corrosion resistance in WAAM 2319 aluminum alloy was investigated. The results indicated that the as deposited 2319 aluminum alloy was composed of dendritic grains. Numerous inter-granular intermetallic were continuously distributed along the grain boundary. As the solid solution time increased, the inter-granular intermetallic gradually dissolved into α-Al matrix resulting in discontinuously distribution and more homogeneous element distribution. Electrochemical experiment results indicated that the corrosion potential of WAAM 2319 aluminum alloy gradually increased with the increase of solid solution time. This indicated that increasing solid solution time could effectively increased the corrosion resistance of WAAM 2319 aluminum alloy. Improved corrosion resistance can be attributed to refined and discontinuous inter-granular intermetallic

Acid Activated Bentonite-La Crosslinked Sesbania Gum Beads for Efficient Congo Red Adsorption

In this study, to recycle acid activated bentonite (AAB), novel hybrid beads were prepared from AAB and sesbania gum (SG), which might be an efficient adsorbent for removing an anionic dye Congo red (CR). To gain the greatest adsorption conditions of AAB-SG-La beads, experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of initial pH value, AAB-SG-La beads dosage on CR removal. The optimal pH value of AAB-SG-La beads for CR elimination was in the range 4.0 ~ 8.0, which can broaden the applications of beads. In addition, the adsorption isotherm datas were consistent with the Langmuir adsorption model and adsorption kinetics conformed to the pseudo-second-order model. Furthermore, the adsorption capacity of CR was 588 mg/g, which revealed a superior adsorption capacity to other materials used as sorbents for CR. This work accredits that AAB-SG-La beads have the ability to remove anionic dye as an economical adsorbent

Effects of Low-Dose and Long-Term Treatment with Erythromycin on Interleukin-17 and Interleukin-23 in Peripheral Blood and Induced Sputum in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Objective. To study the effects of low-dose and long-term treatment with erythromycin on IL-17 and IL-23, in peripheral blood and induced sputum, in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods. Patients were randomly divided into placebo-treated group, group A (12 months of additive treatment with erythromycin, N=18), and group B (6 months of additive treatment with erythromycin followed by 6 months of follow-up, N=18). Inflammatory cells in induced sputum, pulmonary function, and the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) were analyzed. Concentrations of IL-17 and IL-23 in peripheral blood and sputum were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results. After treatment, sputum and peripheral blood concentrations of IL-17 and IL-23 significantly decreased in groups A and B compared with placebo-treated group. There were no significant differences after erythromycin withdrawal at months 9 and 12 in group B compared with placebo-treated group. An increase in 6MWD was observed after treatment. Conclusions. Erythromycin was beneficial and reduced airway inflammation in COPD patients. Underlying mechanisms may involve inhibition of IL-17 and IL-23 mediated airway inflammation. COPD patients treated with erythromycin for 6 months experienced improved exercise capacity. Finally, treatment for 12 months may be more effective than treatment for 6 months

Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of CrFeCoNi and CrMnFeCoNi Coatings in Salt Solution

CrFeCoNi and CrMnFeCoNi coatings were prepared by laser remelting method. The grain boundary characteristics distribution of both coatings was investigated by electron backscattered diffraction technique. The results showed that the CrFeCoNi coating exhibited higher fraction of low angle grain boundaries and &Sigma;3 boundaries compared to the CrMnFeCoNi coating. The corrosion properties of the CrFeCoNi and CrMnFeCoNi coatings in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution were identified by electrochemical method and localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique. The results indicated that the CrFeCoNi coating had a higher corrosion resistance than the CrMnFeCoNi coating. The better corrosion resistance of the CrFeCoNi coating could be attributed to the high fraction of &Sigma;3 boundaries and low fraction of the high angle boundaries