A Sociological Perspective on Religious Identification in Spain: A Multidimensional Analysis Based on Empirical Data (Over 467,187 Individuals)

This paper explores patterns of religious identification in Spanish society, focusing particularly on the predominant religion, Catholicism, which constitutes 97% of the religious population. Over time, a declining trend in religious beliefs has been observed: in 2000, 80% of Spaniards identified as religious, a figure that decreased to 75% a decade ago, and further dropped to 59.5% in 2022. Simultaneously, the process of secularization has increased, impacting approximately 40% of the Spanish population. Non-believers are not a homogeneous group; rather, they constitute heterogeneous subgroups. Males tend to exhibit lower levels of religiosity than females, and the youth are less religious than the elderly. Additionally, individuals with higher education show lower levels of religiosity than those with lower education and left-leaning individuals tend to be less religious than their right-leaning counterparts. This article investigates and analyzes the profiles of religious identification in Spanish society, utilizing a comprehensive database that amalgamates 144 datasets from the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS), spanning from January 2013 to December 2023. The dataset comprises responses from 467,187 Spanish adults aged 18 and above. This extensive dataset enables a multidimensional descriptive analysis of secularization/religiosity based on respondents’ demographic characteristics and ideological positions, functioning as a meta-analysis with secondary data. To further complement the study, a binomial logistic regression is also employed

Novel SFRP2 DNA Methylation Profile Following Neoadjuvant Therapy in Colorectal Cancer Patients with Different Grades of BMI

The relationship between body weight and different cancers is now well-recognized and among such cancers, colorectal cancer (CRC) is reported most frequently. Our group recently published findings, through an epigenome-wide association study, suggesting that body mass index (BMI) could act as a relevant risk factor in the CRC. In addition, aberrant SFRP2 methylation is one of the major mechanisms for Wnt signaling activation in CRC. Conversely, neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy appears to alter the rectal cancer epigenome. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of obesity, measured by BMI, on the methylation of SFRP2 in tumor samples of patients with CRC. Non-treated CRC patients and CRC patients treated with pre-operative neoadjuvant therapy from 2011 to 2013 were included and classified by BMI 25.0 kg/m2. SFRP2 DNA methylation in tumor samples was measured by pyrosequencing. Our findings suggest a possible interaction between SFRP2 methylation levels and BMI in CRC tumor samples. The correlation of SFRP2 hypomethylation with an elevated BMI was stronger within the non-treated CRC patient group than within the treated CRC patient group. We have successfully demonstrated that the beneficial association of tumor SFRP2 hypomethylation is dependent on patient BMI in non-treated CRC, suggesting a possible tumor suppressor role for SFRP2 in overweight and obese patients. Additional studies of clinical pathologies would be necessary to strengthen these preliminary resultsThis study was supported by “Centros de Investigación En Red” (CIBER, CB06/03/0018) of the “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (ISCIII) and a grant from ISCIII (PI8/01399) and it was co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). M.M.G. was the recipient of the Nicolas Monardes Program from the “Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Junta de Andalucía”, Spain (RC-0001-2018 and C-0029-2014). S.M. was the recipient of the Nicolas Monardes Program from the “Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Junta de Andalucía”, Spain (C-0050-2017). A.B.C. was funded by a research contract “Miguel Servet” (CP17/00088) from the ISCIII. A.C.-M. was recipient of an FPU grant from Education Ministry, Madrid, SpainS

Comparative evaluation of Panbio and SD Biosensor antigen rapid diagnostic tests for COVID-19 diagnosis

The aim of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of two antigen rapid diagnostic tests (Ag‐RDTs) to diagnose severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. We evaluated Panbio and SD‐Biosensor Ag‐RDTs. We employed 186 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) negative samples to evaluate the specificity and 170 PCR positive samples to assess the sensitivity. We evaluated their sensitivity according to Cycle threshold (Ct) values and days post onset of symptoms (d.p.o.). Tests were compared using the McNemar's test. Agreement was evaluated using the kappa score. Specificity was 100% for Panbio and 97.3% for SD‐Biosensor. Sensitivity for samples with Ct ≤ 20 was 100% for both assays and for samples with Ct = 20–25 was 93.0% (Panbio) and 95.3% (SD‐Biosensor) (p = 1.000). Sensitivity decreased for samples wit Ct = 25–30 (Panbio: 41.3%, SD‐Biosensor: 52.2%, p = 0.125) and samples with Ct ≥ 30 (Panbio: 5.0%, SD‐Biosensor: 17.5%, p = 0.063). Sensitivity within seven d.p.o. was 87.7% for Panbio and 90.4% for SD‐Biosensor and notably decreased after seven d.p.o. Agreement with PCR was excellent for high viral load samples (Ct ≤ 25): Panbio, 98.9%, kappa = 0.974; SD‐Biosensor, 97.4%, kappa = 0.940. Agreement between Ag‐RDTs was excellent (94.9%, kappa = 0.882). Panbio and SD‐Biosensor Ag‐RDTs showed excellent agreement and diagnostic performance results for samples with high viral loads (Ct ≤ 25) or samples within seven d.p.o

Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of patients confirmed with COVID-19 in an area of health

Introducción: la rápida expansión de la enfermedad y el incremento exponencial de casos confirmados con COVID-19, obligó a la Organización Mundial de la Saluda declararla como pandemia. Objetivo: caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente los pacientes confirmados con COVID-19 en un área de salud. Método: estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, en pacientes confirmados con COVID-19, de todos los consultorios pertenecientes al Policlínico "Santa Cruz", de enero de 2020 a abril de 2021. El universo estuvo constituido por 99 pacientes, todos fueron estudiados. Las variables fueron: edad, sexo, fuente de infección, manifestaciones clínicas, enfermedades asociadas y evolución. Se procesaron mediante estadígrafos descriptivos. Resultados: predominaron los pacientes entre 41 y 60 años (33,3 %) y sexo femenino (56,6 %), con una media de 43,2 +- 21,1 años; se precisó la fuente de infección en el 68,7 %. El 88,9 % fue transmisión autóctona y predominó la rinorrea (42,4 %) y la tos (35,4 %). La hipertensión arterial (12,1 %) fue la principal enfermedad asociada. Se obtuvo que el 98 % respondió favorablemente al tratamiento. Conclusiones: los pacientes de edad media, las féminas y pacientes hipertensos fueron más propensas a enfermar por COVID-19 con fuente de infección autóctona. Estos se presentaron con rinorrea y tos fundamentalmente. El cuadro clínico poco aparatoso evidenció adecuada respuesta al tratamiento médico en todos los casos.Introduction: the quick expansion of the illness and the exponential increment of cases confirmed with COVID-19, forced to that the World Organization of the Health declared as pandemic.Objective: to characterize clinic-epidemic of the patients confirmed with the COVID-19, Policlinic Santa Cruz, March 2020 to April 2021.Method: It was carried out an observational, descriptive and traverse study, in patients confirmed with COVID-19 of all doctor’s office of Policlinic Santa Cruz, January 2020 - April 2021. Universe: 99 patients; all the patients were studied. The epidemic surveys were used. The variables were: age, sex, infection source, clinical manifestations, associate pathologies and evolution. It was used the percentage and the absolute frequency; as well as the arithmetic stocking and standard deviation for quantitative variables.Results: they prevailed the ages of 41 and 60 years (33.3 %) and feminine sex (56.6 %), with a stocking of 43.2 +- 21.1 years; it was necessary the infection source in 68.7 %, where 88.9 % was autochthonous transmission, the rhinorrhea prevailed as clinical manifestation (42.4 %) and the cough (35.4 %), being identified the arterial Hypertension in 12.1% of the patients and it was obtained that 98% responded favorably to the treatment.Conclusions: the patients of middle age, female and hipertensives were more prevail to sick of COVID-19 with the autochthonous transmission. They were presented with rhinorrhea and cough and responded favorably to the treatment

Las 5000 palabras más frecuentes en los libros de texto oficiales de la educación básica en México

Revista Electrónica de Investigación Educativa, Vol. 15, Núm. 3Se expone la importancia que tienen las listas de frecuencia en la regulación del lenguaje empleado en los textos escolares, además de su frecuente empleo en diversos campos del conocimiento. Considerando una palabra de acuerdo con la definición clásica de la Real Academia Española, el objetivo es presentar las 5,000 palabras más frecuentes que se encuentran en los textos oficiales de la educación básica en México

CONMEBOL Libertadores Cup: Altitude impact on goals and results in 16 years of soccer matches

Background: The CONMEBOL Libertadores Cup, is the continent’s most important international club tournament. Teams are exposed to different altitudes with short acclimatization periods. The present study describe the effect of altitude on the results and goals of soccer club teams matches between 2000 and 2015 in the CONMEBOL Libertadores Cup. Materials & Methods: All home and visiting matches from the group phase onwards and which have been played at the traditional team venue were taken into account, thus, 2039 games were analysed. The teams were classified into altitude categories according to the physiological impact and registered hometown altitude. Poisson´s generalized linear model was used to study the relationship between the altitude of both home and visiting teams and the number of goals scored for each team according to the altitude category. The probabilities that the home team winning, drawing, or losing the match were estimated using a regression model for ordinal variables and assuming a multinomial probability distribution with the logistic linkage. Factors as heat, temperature and general performance of the teams were not considered. Results: Local team scores more (2.62 goals) when the visiting team descends three altitude categories, followed by a descent of two altitude categories (2.01 goals) and an ascent of three altitude categories (1.89 goals). This is associated with an increase probability of winning for the local team, being 5.5 times more likely when the visiting team descends three altitude categories, 2.3 times more when it descends two categories, and 2.5 times more when it ascends three altitude categories. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the visiting team is more likely to lose a match when it has to descend two or three altitude categories and when it ascends three altitude categories

La Imagen y la Narrativa como Herramientas para el Abordaje Psicosocial en Escenarios de Violencia. Ciudad Santiago de Cali

Este trabajo presenta la actividad final correspondiente al desarrollo Diplomado de Acompañamiento Psicosocial en Escenarios de Violencia el cual hace énfasis en el análisis del conflicto armado vivido en nuestro país, enfocándonos en el deterioro y secuelas irreparables por cuenta de la violencia en cada una de sus víctimas, resaltando como los daños y consecuencias de dicho conflicto y sus problemáticas pueden ser irreparables. De esta manera nos adentramos en relatos donde las vivencias de la violencia pueden llegar a ser individuales o colectivos, de estas situaciones se desencadenan diferentes tipos de efectos psicosociales, problemas de salud mental, perturbaciones de su bienestar social entre otros.Uno de los objetivos del trabajo es analizar el caso de la señora Ana Ligia, una víctima del conflicto a causa del desplazamiento forzado; quien intenta reconstruir su vida y la de su familia después de haber sufrido los rigores de la violencia como una valiente sobreviviente. También se analiza en segunda instancia el caso de las comunidades de la cuenca del Cacarica, las cuales han sufrido el impacto de la violenciaentre actores armados, siendo desplazados de sus territorios. Para dar desarrollo a éstos análisis, se abordaron los diferentes casos desde el debido estudio bibliográfico, enfatizando en temáticas como atención psicosocial en tiempos de crisis, acciones psicosociales con víctimas de violencia, desarrollo de la técnica de foto voz, formulación de preguntas en intervención psicosocial, temáticas abordados desde diferentes enfoques. Al analizar los casos y problemáticas encontramos debilidades, fortalezas que sirvieron como insumos para formular ejemplos de preguntas circulares, reflexivas y estratégicas orientadas a la intervención psicosocial del caso de Ana Ligia. Por otro lado se generaron estrategias de intervención en crisis, y se plantearon acciones de intervención psicosocial en el caso de las comunidades de la cuenca de la Cacarica. Como punto final se expone el desarrollo de la técnica Foto Voz, el cual se desarrolló en las diferentes comunidades donde habitan los miembros del grupo de trabajo, a través de un análisis colectivo de los distintos ejercicios se evidencian las formas de la violencia en el territorio.This report presents the final activity concerning to the development of a Diploma in Psychosocial Accompaniment in Scenarios of Violence, which emphasizes in the analysis of some psychosocial issues in the armed conflict in Colombia, focusing on the deterioration and irreparable consequences of violence on each of its victims. Highlighting how the damages and consequences of this conflict and its problems can be irreparable. We enter into stories where the experiences of violence can become individual or collective, from these situations different types of psychosocial effects are triggered, mental health problems, disturbances of their social well-being, among others. One of the objectives of the work is to analyze the case of Mrs. Ana Ligia, a victim of the conflict due to forced displacement; who tries to rebuild her life and her family’s after having suffered the rigors of violence as a brave survivor. The case of the communities of the CacaricaRiver, which have suffered the impact of violence between armed actors, being displaced from their territories is also analyzed in second instance. To develop these analyzes, the different cases were approached from the due bibliographic study, emphasizing themes such as psychosocial care in times of crisis, psychosocial actions with victims of violence, development of the photo-voice technique, formulation of questions in psychosocial intervention , themes studied from different approaches. When analyzing the cases and problems, we found weaknesses, strengths that served as inputs to formulate examples of circular, reflective, and strategic questions aimed at psychosocial intervention in the case of Ana Ligia. On the other hand, crisis intervention strategies were generated, and psychosocial intervention actions were proposed in the case of the communities of the Cacarica River. As a final point, the development of the Photo Voice technique is exposed, which was developed in the different communities where the members of the working group live. Through a collective analysis of the different exercises, the forms of violence in the territory are evident

Effect of a dietary intervention based on the mediterranean diet on the quality of life of patients recovered from depression: analysis of the PREDIDEP randomized trial

Introduction: There is substantial evidence supporting that improving diet quality leads to improved healthrelated quality of life (HRQoL). Our major aim was to assess the effectiveness of a Mediterranean diet–based nutritional intervention to improve HRQoL in the context of a secondary prevention trial of depression. Secondarily to assess its effectiveness among adults aged 60 or more years. Methods: The PREDIDEP study is a 2-year multicentre, randomized, single-blinded nutritional trial. At baseline and at 1-year and 2-year follow-up, SF-36 health survey questionnaire was collected to evaluate participants' HRQoL (total and specific range for each of the 8 dimensions: 0 to 100 points). Mixed effect linear models were used to assess changes in HRQoL according to adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03081065. Results: After 2 years of intervention, the Mediterranean Diet intervention group compared to control group (without nutritional intervention, only usual clinical care) showed an improvement in some dimensions of HRQoL such as Mental Health (7.22; 95 % CI = 2.22–12.22) (between-group difference: 6.79; 95 % CI − 0.14–13.73, p = 0.055); Vitality (9.51; 95 % CI = 4.00–15.03) (between-group difference: 9.00; 95 % CI 1.75–16.25, p = 0.020); Mental Summary Component (2.83; 95 % CI = 0.55–5.11) (between-group difference: 1.17; 95 % CI = − 1.96–4.30, p = 0.462); and General Health (10.70; 95 % CI = 5.58–15.81) (between-group difference: 6.20; 95 % CI = − 0.89–13.28, p = 0.086). Similar results were observed for participants aged 60 or more years. Conclusion: The intervention based on Mediterranean diet in patients with previous depression seems to be effective in improving HRQoL, especially the mental dimensions. This effect is also observed among participants aged 60 or more years.This study was externally funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Carlos III National Health Institute-ISCIII), PI16/01274