History Begins in the Future: On Historical Sensibility in the Age of Technology

The humanities and the social sciences have been hostile to future visions in the postwar period. The most famous victim of their hostility was the enterprise of classical philosophy of history, condemned to illegitimacy precisely because of its fundamental engagement with the future. Contrary to this attitude, in this essay I argue that there is no history (neither in the sense of the course of human affairs nor in the sense of historical writing) without having a future vision in the first place. History, its very possibility, begins in the future, in the postulation of a future where further change can take place. Our notions of history, change, and the future are interdependent, they come as one package, meaning that the abandonment of one entails the abandonment of the other two. As to the current situation, although lately it became a commonplace to diagnose our age as presentist, Western societies are deeply engaged in a vision of the future revolving around artificial intelligence and the prospect of technological singularity. This technological vision is best characterized as the prospect of unprecedented change, substantially differing from Enlightenment and nineteenth-century developmental visions of future. If our notions of history, change, and the future are necessarily interdependent, and if we have a characteristically new future vision, it follows that our historical sensibility is already transformed and is accommodated to the prospect of unprecedented change. The ultimate aim of this essay is to outline this transformed historical sensibility of our technological age

The Relationship between Breast Cancer and Lifestyle based on Cockerham and Bourdieu Theory: a study on Kerman women

Background: Breast cancer is one the most common cancers in women which can be prevented by changing lifestyle and adopting healthy behavioral patterns. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of lifestyle in breast cancer. Methods: In this case- control study, 260 patients with breast cancer and 260 controls with no history of breast cancer who had been matched by age and place of residence were compared. Data were collected using medical records and through a questionnaire. Data analysis was done using chi-Square test in SPSS19. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of marital status, inheritance, history of radiations, advertising and media training, informal networks, in come, housing ownership, meat consumption patterns, use of disposable dishes, food consumption patterns, consumption of dairy products, illicit drugs and body mass index. Whereas, there was significant difference between the two groups in terms of awareness, education, public perceptions, attitudes, formal networks, use of high-fat diet, roasted and grilled foods, hydrogenated fats and low- legume diet, recreation and body management. Conclusion: It is likely to reduce the risk of breast cancer with a healthy lifestyle and change of consumption patterns and behaviors

رابطه سبک زندگی بر اساس چارچوب نظری Bourdieu و Cockerham و سرطان پستان در کرمان

مقدمه: سرطان پستان شایع‌ترین سرطان زنان می‌باشد که با تغییر شیوه زندگی و برگزیدن الگوهای رفتاری سالم، می‌توان از ابتلاء به آن پیشگیری کرد. هدف این مطالعه بررسی نقش سبک زندگی زنان در ابتلاء به سرطان پستان بود. روش‌ها: در این مطالعه موردی – شاهدی، 260 بیمار مبتلا به سرطان پستان با 260 شاهدی که هیچ سابقه‌ای از سرطان پستان نداشتند و از نظر سن و محل سکونت همسان شده بودند، مقایسه شدند. داده‌ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه و پرونده‌های پزشکی بیماران جمع‌آوری شد. در تحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون آماری کای مربع در SPSS نسخه 19 استفاده شد. نتا‌یج: اختلاف معناداری بین دو گروه از نظر وضعیت تأهل، وراثت، سابقه دریافت اشعه، تبلیغات و آموزش رسانه‌ها، شبکه غیر رسمی، درآمد، مالکیت مسکن، الگوی مصرف گوشت، استفاده از ظروف یک‌بار مصرف، الگوی مصرف غذا، مواد لبنی، مواد مخدر و شاخص توده بدنی مشاهده نگردید. در حالی که متغیرهای آگاهی، تحصیلات، باورهای عمومی، نگرش، شبکه رسمی، رژیم پرچرب، استفاده از غذاهای برشته و کبابی، روغن جامد، رژیم کم حبوبات، گذراندن اوقات فراغت و مدیریت بدن در دو گروه از نظر آماری اختلاف معناداری داشت. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: احتمال می‌رود که بتوان با شیوه زندگی سالم و تغییر در الگوها و رفتارهای مصرفی خطرات ابتلاء به سرطان پستان را کاهش داد

Is breast cancer prognosis inherited?

Introduction: A genetic component is well established in the etiology of breast cancer. It is not well known, however, whether genetic traits also influence prognostic features of the malignant phenotype. Methods: We carried out a population-based cohort study in Sweden based on the nationwide Multi-Generation Register. Among all women with breast cancer diagnosed from 1961 to 2001, 2,787 mother-daughter pairs and 831 sister pairs with breast cancer were identified; we achieved complete follow-up and classified 5-year breast cancer-specific prognosis among proband (mother or oldest sister) into tertiles as poor, intermediary, or good. We used Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival proportions and Cox models to calculate relative risks of dying from breast cancer within 5 years depending on the proband's outcome. Results: The 5-year survival proportion among daughters whose mothers died within 5 years was 87% compared to 91% if the mother was alive (p = 0.03). Among sisters, the corresponding proportions were 70% and 88%, respectively (p = 0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, daughters and sisters of a proband with poor prognosis had a 60% higher 5-year breast cancer mortality compared to those of a proband with good prognosis (hazard ratio [HR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 2.2; p for trend 0.002). This association was slightly stronger among sisters (HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.0 to 3.4) than among daughters (HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.3). Conclusion: Breast cancer prognosis of a woman predicts the survival in her first-degree relatives with breast cancer. Our novel findings suggest that breast cancer prognosis might be inherited

Sapovirus: An emerging cause of childhood diarrhea

Purpose of review Sapovirus, a genus in the Caliciviridae family alongside norovirus, is increasingly recognized as an important cause of childhood diarrhea. Some challenges exist in our ability to better understand sapovirus infections, including the inability to grow sapovirus in cell culture, which has hindered diagnosis and studies of immunity. Another challenge is that individuals with sapovirus infection are commonly coinfected with other enteric pathogens, complicating our ability to attribute the diarrhea episode to a single pathogen. Recent findings Development of molecular methods for sapovirus detection has increased our ability to measure disease prevalence. The prevalence of sapovirus varies between 1 and 17% of diarrhea episodes worldwide, with the highest burden in young children and older adults. Further, epidemiological studies have used novel approaches to account for the presence of coinfections with other enteric pathogens; one multisite cohort study of children under two years of age found that sapovirus had the second-highest attributable incidence among all diarrheal pathogens studied. Summary Especially in settings where rotavirus vaccines have been introduced, efforts to reduce the overall burden of childhood diarrhea should focus on the reduction of sapovirus transmission and disease burden

MNE as a catalyst for field-level institutional change in the Russian bakery sector

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to focus on analysing how foreign entry by a multinational enterprise (MNE) can act as a catalyst for change in field-level institutional logics in a transition economy context.Design/methodology/approach: The paper presents an empirical single-case study on the effects of an MNE’s entry on a particular industry in an emerging market’s context. The empirical study follows abductive reasoning; based on the interplay of previous literature and empirical observations, it identifies mechanism through which MNEs can catalyse change in field-level institutional logics.Findings: The study shows that in addition to general market transition influenced by state-level policies, individual companies’ strategies, actions and market behaviour also significantly contribute to the development of a host industry’s field-level institutional logics. More precisely, a case study of a Finnish MNE’s entry into the Russian bakery market identifies the mechanisms and various change pathways through which the entry of a single MNE into a transition economy can significantly alter the institutional logics of a particular industry.Originality/value: The study employs a novel perspective that incorporates the ideas, concepts and insights of an institutional logics perspective to MNE entry research for empirical analysis and theory building.</p

Where does stress happen? Ecological momentary assessment of daily stressors using a mobile phone app. [Journal article]

Despite the importance of daily stress to individuals' health and wellbeing, few studies have explored where stress happens in real time, that is, dynamic stress processes in different spaces. As such, stress interventions rarely account for the environment in which stress occurs. We used mobile phone based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to collect daily stress data. Thirty-three participants utilized a mobile-phone-based EMA app to self-report stressors as they went about their daily lives. Geographic coordinates were automatically collected with each stress report. Data from thematic analysis of stressors by location (home, work, work from home, other) were used to determine whether certain stressors were more prevalent in certain environments. Nine daily stressors significantly differed by location. Work-related stress was reported more often at work. Pets, household chores, sleep, and media-related stressors were reported most at home. Physical illnesses, vehicle issues, and safety/security stressors occurred most often while participants were "working from home." Traffic-related stress was experienced more commonly in "other" environments. Other 18 stressors were generated regardless of location, suggesting that these stressors were persistent and without respect to location. Study findings expand the understanding of environments in which specific stressors occur, providing baseline data for potential targeted "just-in-time" stress interventions tailored to unique stressors in specific environments. We also provide findings related to the "work from home" phenomenon. Further work is needed to better understand the unique stressors among the large number of individuals who transitioned to working from home during and after the COVID-19 pandemic

Journals of faculty of medicine: socioeconomic status ındicators

AMAÇ: Bu çalışmada Tıp Fakültesi dergilerinde sosyal sınıf ve sosyoekonomik göstergelerin kullanım sıklıgı ile sınıflama özelliklerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. GEREÇ ve YÖNTEM: Çalışma elektronik ortamda ULAKBIM Türk Tıp Veri Tabanında yer alan tıp fakültesi dergilerinde yürütülmüştür. Sosyal sınıf ve sosyoekonomik göstergeler sadece araştırmalarda ve gereç/yöntem ile bulgular bölümleri incelenerek yürütülmüştür. BULGULAR: Çalışmada 17 tıp fakültesi dergisinin 406 sayısında ve 2390 araştırmada yürütülmüştür. Herhangi bir sosyoekonomik gösterge kullanılan araştırma sayısı 209'dur (%8,74). Sosyoekonomik durum saptamaya yönelik en sık eğitim durumu kullanılmaktadır. Sosyal sınıf işe hiçbir çalışmada değişken olarak kullanılmamıştır. SONUÇ: Tıp Fakültesi dergilerinde sosyoekonomik göstergeler yeterince, sosyal sınıf değişkeni işe hiç incelenmemiştir. Araştırmacılar tarafından sağlığı etkileyen sosyoekonomik etkenlere hak ettiği önem verilmemiştir.OBJECTIVE: In this study, it is aimed to determine the frequency of use and feature of social class and socioeconomic indicators in the Journals ofTurkish Faculties of Medicine. MATERIAL and METHODS: The study was carried out on medical school journals indexed in ULAKBIM Turkish Electronic Medical Data Base. Social class and socioeconomic indicators surveyed only in original researches by analyzing materials/methods and results section. RESULTS: In the study, 406 volumes and 2390 researches of 17 medical faculty journals were surveyed. Socioeconomic indicators were mentioned only in 209 (%8.87) of researches. Education is the most commonly used indicator for this purpose. Social class was never used as an indicator at all. CONCLUSION: As socioeconomic indicators have been studied insufficiently in medical faculty journals, social class has never been studied. Socioeconomic indicators that affect health are not given the importance they deserve by researchers