19 research outputs found

    The manifestation of intonational focus in Castilian Spanish

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    In this paper we study the phonological manifestation of various intonational focus domains in Castilian Spanish. We propose that downstep is one of the intonational signallers of focus in this language. The phonological problems of accounting for this phenomenon in Pierrehumbertian models are explored. Alternative solutions are offered following the single-tone model put forward by Cabrera Abreu (2000) within the Government Phonology framework, taking into account other proposals by the author and her co-workers. Typically, the prefocal and focal items participate in licensing relations which integrate them in a well-formed phonological structure in terms of onsets and nuclei respectively as the only two possible constituents within another major constituent, the intonation group. Pitch movements in the prefocal and focal items in the various focus domains are accounted for by the presence / absence of T(one) associated to different constituent boundaries. In addition, the constituent licensing the focal item is preceded by an intonation group whose nuclear constituent is empty, thus showing toneless boundaries which are responsible for the observed downstep effect.L'article presenta una anàlisi fonològica del focus entonatiu en castellà peninsular. Hom defensa que l'esglaonament descendent és un dels indicis acústics que marquen el focus en aquesta llengua. S'exploren els problemes fonològics per explicar aquest fenomen en el model mètric i autosegmental i s'ofereixen solucions alternatives seguint el model de to únic proposat per Cabrera Abreu (2000) en el marc de la fonologia de recció (tenint també en consideració altres propostes de l'autora i dels seus col·laboradors). Típicament, els elements prefocals i focals participen en relacions de legitimació que els integren en una estructura fonològica ben formada en termes d'inici i nucli respectivament dins un altre constituent major: el grup d'entonació. La realització entonativa dels elements prefocals i focals en els diferents dominis s'expliquen per la presència/ absència de to associat a diferents límits de constituents. El constituent que legitima l'element focal és precedit per un grup d'entonació amb un constituent nuclear buit, fent que els límits prosòdics sense to siguin responsables de l'efecte d'esglaonament descendent observat

    Antología I. Taller Literario Mariano Lebrón Saviñón

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    Nan Chevalier (biografía): Reynaldo Paulino (Nan) Chevalier nació en Puerto Plata, República Dominicana, en 1965. Se licenció en letras y en psicología en la Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo (UASD), donde cursó un posgrado en lengua y literatura y una maestría en literatura hispanoamericana. Fue director de la Escuela de Letras de la UASD; en la actualidad es director del Departamento de Español de UNAPEC. Ha publicado Las formas que retornan (poemas), Editora Búho, 1998; Ave de mal agüero (poemas), Letra Gráfica, 2003; La segunda señal (cuentos), Letra Gráfica, 2003; Ciudad de mis ruinas (novela), Letra Gráfica, 2007; Antihéroes onettianos: habitantes de proyectos fallidos (Colección Premios FUNGLODE 2011-Ensayo), Serigraf, 2012; El muñeco de trapos (Colección Premios FUNGLODE 2011-Cuento), Serigraf, 2012; El hombre que parecía esconderse (novela), Alfaguara, 2014; El domador de fieras y otros nanorrelatos (minificción), Editora Nacional, 2015; La recámara aislante del tiempo (cuentos), Búho, 2014, y Viaje sin retorno desde un puerto fantasma (novela), Búho, 2015. Sus textos han sido incluidos en revistas y antologías, como Juego de imágenes: la nueva poesía dominicana, de Frank Martínez y Néstor Rodríguez (editores); La espiral sonora (Antología del poema en prosa en Santo Domingo 1890-2000), Basilio Belliard (compilador); Poemas de último minuto, Mónica Volonteri (compiladora); Al filo del agua: XX años de poesía dominicana, Miguel Antonio Jiménez (compilador); Vendimia Primera, Luis R. Santos (compilador), Colección de cuentos del Banco Central de la República Dominicana; Puente de palabras: Compilación de cuentos costarricenses y dominicanos, Avelino Stanley (compilador); Alforja, Revista de Poesía, Hernán Lara Zavala (editor), México; Coloquios, José Manuel Fernández Pequeño (editor); Vetas, Clodomiro Moquete (editor); Voci da Quisqueya, María Antonieta Ferro (compiladora), Italia; El cuerno de oro (cuentos sobre infidelidades), Eulogio Javier (compilador), Guatemala, 2008; La ciudad en nosotros, Soledad Álvarez (compiladora); País Cultural, Basilio Belliard (editor), 2009; Algarero cultural, número 18, Javier Payeros/Valentín Amaro (editores), Guatemala; Ruptura del límite, Avelino Stanley (compilador), Bogotá; Sieteculebras. Revista andina de cultura, Perú; El viaje, Luis Reinaldo Pérez (editor); y Los nuevos caníbales, Puerto Rico, 2015. Ha recibido, entre otros, el Premio FUNGLODE de Cuento (2011); y el Premio Único del III Concurso Nacional de Minificción, Ministerio de Cultura de la República Dominicana (2013).La vida interna de un taller literario está llena de aventuras espirituales e intelectuales. Sus integrantes se embarcan en la lectura de importantes textos literarios pertenecientes tanto a la tradición nacional y la propia lengua como a tradiciones de otros países y de otros idiomas. Esas lecturas, que son compartidas, van enriqueciendo la vida gracias a las originales historias, al dominio lingüístico y a la complejidad de las visiones puestas en juego en cada obra. Es así como todos los integrantes van madurando sus particulares concepciones del mundo y van aprendiendo a educar su íntima búsqueda de la belleza. Búsqueda que va fortaleciéndose a medida que cada tallerista va encontrándose a sí mismo a través de esos juegos de espejos que son los libros. Suele suceder, entonces, que la propia voz comience a tomar forma y que demande expresarse por unos cauces que les sean originarios. Es cuando surgen las obras, las florescencias, las creaciones que ayudan a forjar para uno mismo un lugar habitable en el mundo. Esta antología es precisamente la primera muestra pública de las voces emergentes de los miembros del Taller Literario Mariano Lebrón Saviñón, uno de los órganos culturales de la Universidad APEC. La componen textos llenos de vida y pasión, de una mirada maravillada a esta existencia convulsa, que puede a veces ser turbulenta, pero que siempre es hermosa. Son textos para olvidarse de sí y perderse en la inquietante lumbre que ofrecen

    Strong peak immunogenicity but rapid antibody waning following third vaccine dose in older residents of care homes

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    Third-dose coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines are being deployed widely but their efficacy has not been assessed adequately in vulnerable older people who exhibit suboptimal responses after primary vaccination series. This observational study, which was carried out by the VIVALDI study based in England, looked at spike-specific immune responses in 341 staff and residents in long-term care facilities who received an mRNA vaccine following dual primary series vaccination with BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1. Third-dose vaccination strongly increased antibody responses with preferential relative enhancement in older people and was required to elicit neutralization of Omicron. Cellular immune responses were also enhanced with strong cross-reactive recognition of Omicron. However, antibody titers fell 21–78% within 100 d after vaccine and 27% of participants developed a breakthrough Omicron infection. These findings reveal strong immunogenicity of a third vaccine in one of the most vulnerable population groups and endorse an approach for widespread delivery across this population. Ongoing assessment will be required to determine the stability of immune protection

    Boundary tones as evidence for the exclusion of l(ow)-tone from phonological representation

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    A phonological model for intonation without low tone

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    Using the evidence of intonational phenomena drawn mainly from English, I propose a phonological model for intonation characterised by a single tone (T), and boundaries of domains as Tone Bearing Units (TBUs). Such domains reflect the organisation of information in terms of intonation, that is, they constitute the manifestation of intonational focus. In addition, their existence is formalised in terms of some licensing principles. In the framework of a restrictive theory of phonological representation, I argue that intonational pitch patterns can be accounted for with just T, and that L can be discarded. I defend this claim against evidence from earlier models which have recourse to L in the account of an extensive range of intonation contours, and of tonal phenomena such as contour-tones, tone-spreading, and downstep. Contour-tones are defined by assigning different pitch specifications (presence/absence of T) to TBUs. Tone-spreading is treated as a matter of interpolation between boundaries with equal tonal association. Downstep is accounted for by the presence of toneless boundaries which correspond to empty nuclei. The phonetic interpretation of such nuclei (and toneless boundaries in general) is controlled by Gravitation Effect, a pulling down force which has a similar effect on domains to its right. I support this view by subjecting earlier analyses to an examination based on maximally constrained principles in phonology. Under this approach, such analyses to some extent lose their validity, and no longer constitute a challenge for my model. The extensive revision of previous models results in a parsimonious and homogeneous model, and at the same time, permits the formulation of phonological generalisations

    Boundary tones as evidence for the exclusion of l(ow)-tone from phonological representation

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    Edge-Licensing in Chanting Contours

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    This paper looks at the manifestation of downstep in chanting contours, and at the way in which this phenomenon has been accounted for by some models of intonation. Special attention is paid to the analysis in Cabrera-Abreu (1996), where it is argued that toneless boundaries belonging to an empty nucleus are responsible for downstep in phonetic interpretation. However, this proposal cannot be fully formalised unless a strategy is found to license such nuclei. We propose here that empty nuclei can be licensed by the edge of the intonation domain. This analysis allows for both a descriptively and an explanatorily adequate account of chanting contours. 1 Introduction Some current models of intonation (Pierrehumbert 1980, Grice 1995, Ladd 1993) resort to the combination of H(igh) and L(ow) to account for downstep. In the framework of a restrictive phonological theory, this proposal is undesirable, since it assumes that both tones enjoy an equal distribution in phonological representation,..
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