Survival of the Oyster Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin) in the Laboratory Under the Effects of Oil Drilling Fluids Spilled in the Laguna de Tamiahua, Mexico

In 1965, 970.12 m3 of oil drilling fluid were spilled in the Laguna de Tamiahua, Mexico. Laboratory experiments were carried out to determine possible effects of this upon the oyster Crassostrea virginica. It was found that drilling fluid reduced the survival of oysters to a significant degree in concentrations above 200 ppm. At turbidities between 200 and 500 ppm, there was 50% survival on the seventh day. Tanino in concentrations between 90 and 170 ppm had a drastic effect upon survival which was 50% between the fourth and fifth days. Bentonita in 110 to 190 ppm resulted in 50% survival on the eighth day. Barita in concentrations between 50 and 65 ppm did not produce noxious effects on the survival of the oysters. Natural mud in concentrations from 200 to 500 ppm was favorable for the survival of oysters

Estudio aplicado de los costes de la prevención de riesgos laborales en la construcción de puentes de hormigón

Modelo de análisis numérico para el cálculo del coste de las efhsdjfhj de prevención de riesgos laborales en la construcción de puentes de hormigón. Estudio fjdfkjkdf a partir del modelo y extracción de conclusiones a partir del mismo

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Evolución neurológica y capacidad de marcha en pacientes con estenosis de canal y hernia discal ingresados en la Unidad de lesionados medulares.

[Resumen] Introducción: La lesión medular no traumática, incluye etiologías diversas dentro de las cuales encontramos las estenosis de canal. Definimos estenosis de canal degenerativa como un estrechamiento estructural del canal raquídeo, de los recesos laterales y/o de los agujeros de conjunción. Los cambios degenerativos que causan el progresivo estrechamiento del canal y de los agujeros vertebrales pueden dar lugar a radiculopatías y mielopatías, siendo estas más frecuentes a nivel cervical y lumbar. El objetivo del trabajo es la descripción de las características demográficas de las lesiones medulares no traumáticas, debidas a estenosis de canal y hernia discal, encuadrado en nuestro hospital, estudiando la evolución neurológica y los resultados funcionales al alta, tras el tratamiento rehabilitador. Material y Métodos: Se realizará un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, valorando los pacientes ingresados con lesión medular de causa médica, tras intervención quirúrgica de estenosis de canal y hernia discal, en la unidad de lesionados medulares del hospital de A Coruña. Se analizará el periodo comprendido entre enero de 1995 hasta diciembre de 2018. Se analizarán las características demográficas y clínicas, la intervención rehabilitadora, los resultados funcionales y WISCI. Resultados y Discusión: De nuestra serie de casos, la causa de la lesión medular fue la estenosis de canal en un 62% de los casos, y la hernia discal en un 37.7% con una media de edad de 65 años y 54 años, respectivamente. En un 70% de la muestra global de pacientes se produjo una mejora de la puntuación del índice motor al alta respecto al ingreso, en un 26.3% se mantuvo y en el 3.8% la puntuación del IM empeoró. La movilidad y la capacidad de marcha (WISCI) motor se relacionó con el grado ASIA, el IM y etiología. (p < 0.005).[Abstract] Introduction: Non-traumatic spinal cord injury includes diverse etiologies within which we find the canal stenosis. We define spinal stenosis as a structural narrowing of the spinal canal, lateral recesses and conjunct holes. The degenerative changes that cause the progressive narrowing of the canal and the vertebral holes can lead to radiculopathies and myelopathies, these being more frequent at the cervical and lumbar level. The aim of the study is to describe the demographic characteristics of nontraumatic spinal cord injuries, due to canal stenosis, framed in our hospital, studying neurological evolution and outcome measurements upon discharge, after rehabilitation treatment. Material and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study will be carried out, assessing the patients admitted with non trumatic - spinal cord injury , after surgical intervention of canal stenosis and herniated disc, in the Spinal cord Injury Unit of the A Coruña’s Hospital. The period between January 1995 and December 2018 will be analyzed. The demographic and clinical characteristics, the rehabilitation therapy, the functional outcomes, and WISCI will be analyzed. Results and Discussion: The etiology of spinal cord injury was spinal stenosis in 62% of the cases, and herniated disc in 37.7% with an average age of 65 years, and 54 years respectively. In 70% of the global sample of patients there was an improvement of the score of the motor index on discharge with respect to income, in 26.3% it remained and in 3.8% the score of the MI was worst. The mobility and the ability to march (WISCI) was related to ASIA grade, motor index and etiology. (p <0.005).[Resumo] Introdución: A lesión medular non traumática inclúe diversas etioloxías nas que atopamos a estenosis da canal. Definimos a estenosis do canal dexenerativo como un estreitamento estrutural da canal espiñal, recesos laterais e / ou buratos conxunción. Os cambios dexenerativos que provocan o estreitamento progresivo da canal e os buracos vertebrales poden conducir a radiculopatías e mielopatías, que son máis frecuentes a nivel cervical e lumbar. O obxectivo do estudo é describir as características demográficas das lesións medulares non traumáticas, debidas á estenose de canal, enmarcadas no noso hospital, estudando a evolución neurolóxica e os resultados funcionais tras a alta, despois do tratamento de rehabilitación. Material e Métodos: Levarase a cabo un estudo descritivo retrospectivo que avalía aos pacientes ingresados con lesión medular de orixe médica, logo da intervención cirúrxica da estenose do canal e hernia discal, na Unidade de Lesionados Medulares do hospital da Coruña. Analizarase o período entre xaneiro de 1995 e decembro de 2018. Analizaranse as características demográficas e clínicas, a intervención rehabilitadora, os resultados funcionais, e WISCI. Resultados e discusión: Dos pacientes a estudio, a causa da lesión medular foi a estenose do canal no 62% dos casos e a hernia do disco no 37,7%, cunha idade media de 65 anos e 54 anos, respectivamente. No 70% da mostra global de pacientes, produciuse unha mellora da puntuación do índice motor (IM) no momento da alta respecto ao ingreso, nun 26,3% mantívose, e nun 3,8% a puntuación do IM empeorou. A mobilidade e capacidade para camiñar (WISCI) atópase relacionado co nivel de ASIA, o IM e a etioloxia. (p <0,005).Traballo fin de mestrado (UDC.FCS). Asistencia e investigación sanitaria. Especialidade en investigación clínica. Curso 2018/201

Entendiendo la reactividad de pares de Lewis frustrados

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica, leída el 12-07-2021Fac. de Ciencias QuímicasTRUEunpu

Management of septic shock: a protocol-less approach

Citation\ud ProCESS Investigators, Yealy DM, Kellum JA, Huang DT, Barnato AE, Weissfeld LA, Pike F, Terndrup T, Wang HE, Hou PC, LoVecchio F, Filbin MR, Shapiro NI, Angus DC. A randomized trial of protocol-based care for early septic shock. N Engl J Med. 2014; 370:1683–93.\ud \ud Background\ud In a single-center study published more than a decade ago involving patients presenting to the emergency department with severe sepsis and septic shock, mortality was markedly lower among those who were treated according to a 6-h protocol of early goal-directed therapy (EGDT), in which intravenous fluids, vasopressors, inotropes, and blood transfusions were adjusted to reach central hemodynamic targets including central venous pressure, central venous oxygen saturation, and indirect estimates of cardiac output, than among those receiving usual care.\ud \ud Methods\ud Objective: The objective was to determine whether these EGDT findings were generalizable and whether all aspects of the EGDT protocol were necessary to achieve those outcomes.\ud \ud Design: A multicenter randomized three-arm controlled trial.\ud \ud Setting: Thirty-one academic emergency departments in the United States.\ud \ud Subjects: Patients older than 18 years of age presenting to the emergency department with septic shock.\ud \ud Intervention: Patients were assigned to one of three groups for 6 h of resuscitation: protocol-based EGDT as defined by River and colleagues; protocol-based standard therapy that did not require the placement of a central venous catheter, administration of inotropes, or blood transfusions; and usual care which mandated no specific monitoring or management approaches.\ud \ud Outcomes: The primary end point was 60-day in-hospital mortality. Also tested sequentially was whether protocol-based care (EGDT and standard therapy groups combined) was superior to usual care and whether protocol-based EGDT was superior to protocol-based standard therapy. Secondary outcomes included longer-term mortality and the need for organ support.\ud \ud Results\ud A total of 1,351 patients were enrolled, of whom 1,341 were evaluable due to patient/family request: 439 were randomly assigned to protocol-based EGDT, 446 to protocol-based standard therapy, and 456 to usual care. Resuscitation strategies differed significantly with respect to the monitoring of central venous pressure and central venous oxygen and the use of intravenous fluids, vasopressors, inotropes, and blood transfusions. By 60 days, there were 92 deaths in the protocol-based EGDT group (21.0 %), 81 in the protocol-based standard therapy group (18.2 %), and 86 in the usual care group (18.9 %) (relative risk with protocol-based therapy versus usual care, 1.04; 95 % confidence interval, 0.82 to 1.31; P = 0.83; relative risk with protocol-based EGDT versus protocol-based standard therapy, 1.15; 95 % CI, 0.88 to 1.51; P = 0.31). There were no significant differences in 90-day mortality, 1-year mortality, or the need for organ support.\ud \ud Conclusions\ud In a multicenter trial conducted in the tertiary care setting, protocol-based resuscitation of patients in whom septic shock was diagnosed in the emergency department did not improve outcomes

Innovative NDT technique for detection of surface cracks based on ferrofluids excited with DC and AC magnetic fields

Innovative NDT technique for detection of surface cracks based on ferrofluids excited with DC and AC magnetic fieldsAn innovative NDT technique is proposed for surface inspection of materials not necessarily magnetic or conductive, based on local magnetic field variations due to ferrofluid deposited in the cracks. The feasibility of the technique is assessed preliminarily, based on signal detectability without applied external magnetic field, and under applied DC and AC fields. The signals are quantified analytically, experimentally and numerically. In DC, detection is based on local magnetic flux density variations. In AC, detection is based on the existing phase lag between the field close to the crack and the applied field. This approach has inherent advantages: the phase lag, as opposed to the magnetic flux density, is independent of the quantity of ferrofluid in the crack and the magnitude of the applied field. The model agrees well with the tests, showing that the signal increases with the applied field strength, up to the saturation magnetization of the ferrofluid, and decreases with the distance to the crack longitudinal axis, and thus it can provide useful estimations of the signal. The proposed technique, requiring application of external fields to magnetize the ferrofluid to enhance the signal, seems promising: the model suggests that signals associated to cracks significantly smaller than the minimum detectable surface cracks for comparable classical NDT techniques are easily detectable with commercial magnetometers.Postprint (published version

Desarrollo de un software libre original para el análisis de datos de acelerometría

Resumen La práctica de actividad física y el sedentarismo están relacionados con el estado de salud general. Uno de los métodos más empleados para la evaluación objetiva de la práctica de actividad física cotidiana es el registro de acelerometría. Sin embargo, los programas informáticos disponibles para el análisis de estos registros tienen una escasa posibilidad de personalización y presentan dificultades para diferenciar el sedentarismo respecto del tiempo no válido. Por lo tanto, el objetivo principal de este estudio es el de desarrollar una herramienta informática para el procesamiento y análisis de registros de acelerometría de una forma rápida, versátil y accesible para el usuario. Además, se estudiaron los métodos y umbrales para la detección del tiempo no válido. El programa se desarrolló en R, un lenguaje de programación diseñado específicamente para el análisis estadístico. Para evaluar su capacidad, se utilizaron los registros de 35 participantes. Los participantes registraron el tiempo en el que no llevaron puesto el acelerómetro. La detección del tiempo no válido basada en la variabilidad y el rango de las aceleraciones se evaluó analizando la función de la distribución de probabilidad y las curvas receptor-operador. La versión final del código cuenta con 21 funciones y una plantilla rmarkdown con un total de 765 líneas de código sin comentar. El software recibe datos de acelerometría y tras procesarlos y analizarlos, genera informes individuales y bases de datos grupales. 14 parámetros distintos pueden ser fácilmente modificados a través de una ventana. Se pueden analizar varios archivos con una única llamada a la función. Además, se proponen nuevos puntos de corte para la detección del tiempo no válido, basados en las características del acelerómetro. Esta herramienta gratuita permite una evaluación de la práctica de actividad física y los comportamientos sedentarios a través de la acelerometría de una manera rápida y sencilla.   Abstract Physical activity participation and sedentary patterns are closely linked to overall health. Accelerometry registers are one of the most widely used methods to objectively evaluate daily physical activity. However, the currently available software to analyze raw accelerometer data has a limited capacity to be adapted to different research needs and shows deficiencies differentiating sedentary time with non-wear intervals. Therefore, the main goal of the present study is to develop a customizable tool to process and analyze accelerometry records in quick and user-friendly way. Additionally, the methods and thresholds to detect non-wear periods were examined. The software was developed in R, an open-source coding language specifically designed for statistical computing, and tested with accelerometry registers from 35 volunteers. Non-wear data was classified according to annotations from the participants. To establish the applicability of the analysis of acceleration range and variability for the detection of non-wear periods, density distribution functions and receiver-operator characteristics curves were constructed. The final version of the code is formed by 21 functions and a rmarkdown template file totaling 765 lines of uncommented code. It takes as an input a raw accelerometer data file and, after a two-step process of formatting and analyzing the data, returns the processed data, individual reports and general databases. 14 different parameters can be customized through a prompt window. Several files can be consecutively analyzed with a single function call. In addition, the proposed cut-off points for non-wear detection, based on the measuring device characteristics, classify precisely the non-wear intervals. This free tool will allow a quick, easy and versatile evaluation of physical activity participation and sedentary habits from raw accelerometer data