22 research outputs found
Body weight and risk of soft-tissue sarcoma
The relation between body mass (BMI) and soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) risk was evaluated in a case–control study from Northern Italy based on 217 incident STS and 1297 hospital controls. The risk of STS rose with BMI, with multivariate odds ratios of 3.49 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–11.55) among men and 3.26 (95% CI 1.27–8.35) among women with a BMI >30 kg m–2 compared to those with BMI ≤ 20 kg m–2. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaig
First international consensus on the methodology of lymphangiogenesis quantification in solid human tumours
The lymphatic system is the primary pathway of metastasis for most human cancers. Recent research efforts in studying lymphangiogenesis have suggested the existence of a relationship between lymphatic vessel density and patient survival. However, current methodology of lymphangiogenesis quantification is still characterised by high intra- and interobserver variability. For the amount of lymphatic vessels in a tumour to be a clinically useful parameter, a reliable quantification technique needs to be developed. With this consensus report, we therefore would like to initiate discussion on the standardisation of the immunohistochemical method for lymphangiogenesis assessment
Prevalence, quantitative load and genetic diversity of Campylobacter spp. in dairy cattle herds in Lithuania
Mutations in HYAL1, a member of a tandemly distributed multigene family encoding disparate hyaluronidase activities, cause a newly described lysosomal disorder, mucopolysaccharidosis IX
613 cases of splenic rupture without risk factors or previously diagnosed disease: a systematic review
Background
Rupture of the spleen in the absence of trauma or previously diagnosed disease is largely ignored in the emergency literature and is often not documented as such in journals from other fields. We have conducted a systematic review of the literature to highlight the surprisingly frequent occurrence of this phenomenon and to document the diversity of diseases that can present in this fashion.
Methods
Systematic review of English and French language publications catalogued in Pubmed, Embase and CINAHL between 1950 and 2011.
Results
We found 613 cases of splenic rupture meeting the criteria above, 327 of which occurred as the presenting complaint of an underlying disease and 112 of which occurred following a medical procedure. Rupture appeared to occur spontaneously in histologically normal (but not necessarily normal size) spleens in 35 cases and after minor trauma in 23 cases. Medications were implicated in 47 cases, a splenic or adjacent anatomical abnormality in 31 cases and pregnancy or its complications in 38 cases.
The most common associated diseases were infectious (n = 143), haematologic (n = 84) and non-haematologic neoplasms (n = 48). Amyloidosis (n = 24), internal trauma such as cough or vomiting (n = 17) and rheumatologic diseases (n = 10) are less frequently reported. Colonoscopy (n = 87) was the procedure reported most frequently as a cause of rupture. The anatomic abnormalities associated with rupture include splenic cysts (n = 6), infarction (n = 6) and hamartomata (n = 5). Medications associated with rupture include anticoagulants (n = 21), thrombolytics (n = 13) and recombinant G-CSF (n = 10). Other causes or associations reported very infrequently include other endoscopy, pulmonary, cardiac or abdominal surgery, hysterectomy, peliosis, empyema, remote pancreato-renal transplant, thrombosed splenic vein, hemangiomata, pancreatic pseudocysts, splenic artery aneurysm, cholesterol embolism, splenic granuloma, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, rib exostosis, pancreatitis, Gaucher's disease, Wilson's disease, pheochromocytoma, afibrinogenemia and ruptured ectopic pregnancy.
Conclusions
Emergency physicians should be attuned to the fact that rupture of the spleen can occur in the absence of major trauma or previously diagnosed splenic disease. The occurrence of such a rupture is likely to be the manifesting complaint of an underlying disease. Furthermore, colonoscopy should be more widely documented as a cause of splenic rupture
The entrainment and gating of the endogenous circannual rhythm of reproduction in the female rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)
Re-amputation occurrence in the diabetic population in South Wales, UK
The incidence of re-amputation following lower extremity amputations (LEA) among the diabetic patients referred to the Artificial Limb and Appliance Centers (ALAC) in South Wales, UK, was investigated. Manual and electronic data-gathering systems were used to extract the medical records of 473 people with various causes of LEA referred to the ALAC in South Wales during 2001–2003. The data included demographic information, causes of amputation and occurrence of various levels of re-amputation. Two hundred and five subjects with diabetes underwent 316 amputations, 44 were foot amputations and 272 major amputations on the ipsilateral and contra-lateral sides. Of the diabetic patients, 45·9% with single LEA underwent re-amputations with 22% incidence of contra-lateral LEA within 2 years. In comparison, 15% underwent re-amputations in the non diabetic dysvascular patients. Ipsilateral re-amputations occurred much earlier (average 21 weeks) compared with the contra-lateral amputations which took an average of 82 weeks following the first amputation. Nearly half of the diabetic patients with single LEA referred for rehabilitation underwent re-amputations within 2 years; out of which 22% of the patients underwent contra-lateral LEA. Although the progression of level of amputations does not follow a particular pattern, re-amputation on the contra-lateral side occurred almost four times later than that on the ipsilateral side