Researches regarding the attack of the Monilinia fructigena fungus (ADERH. & RUHL.) honey on some varieties of apple, hartiest location, Arges county

The attack of the Monilinia fructigena fungus responsible for the appearance of apple moniliosis is present every year, whenever this species is grown. The Monilinia fructigena fungus is present yearly and in orchards grown in the research area. Research has been carried out in the untreated variants of a fungal attack on varieties: Florina, Generos, Goldrush, Idared and Topaz. The attack on the sprout and the fruit was monitored and the frequency, intensity and degree of attack were calculated. Under the conditions of 2016, the attack on the sprouts registered different values of the frequency and the intensity was maximum. The highest value of the 10.5% attack was determined in the Idared variety, considered as control, followed by the Topaz and Goldrush varieties, with attack rates of 8% and 6.5%. The fruits attack noted in the summer showed a value of 11.4% for the Idared variety followed by the Topaz variety with 8.7%. The fruits attack recorded in the autumn, at the harvest was 36.6% for the Idared variety followed by the Topaz variety by 31%. The Florina variety recorded the lowest level of attack on fruits before harvesting with an attack rate of 22%. The Goldrush and Generos varieties recorded 24.5% and 28.55 attack levels for fruit before harvest. The intensity of the fungus attack on the fruit before the ride and the attack on the sprouts were considered 100%, considering that the fruits and the sprouts affected by the pathogen attack are compromised. In this case, the attack value was given by the attack incidence value. The data obtained were statistically assured

Behavior of some Eggplant Varieties in the Vidra Area - Ilfov

The main purpose of the experiences organized at Research and Development Institute for Vegetable and Flower Growing Vidra was to evaluate the behavior of different cultivars of eggplants in specific soil and climate conditions of the Vidra area and to identify those with high yields, with quality fruits and tolerant to soil borne pathogens attack. In 2016, 12 cultivars of eggplants were studied: 6 non-hybrid varieties (Daniela, Luiza, Dragaica, Zaraza, Belona, Black Beauty) and 6 hybrids (Andra F1, Rebeca F1, Bibo F1, Clorinda F1, Mirabelle F1, Epic F1).The highest yield was achieved in Rebeca F1 and Luiza cultivars. The highest vitamin C content was realized at Rebeca F1, Luiza, and Zaraza cultivars. The Mirabelle F1 hybrid and Black Beauty variety presented a reduced sensitivity to Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae

Behavior of some eggplant cultivars (Solanum melongena L.) at the pathogens attack in greenhouse and field

The experiences organized at RDIVFG. Vidra in 2016 had as main purpose the assessment of different varieties and eggplants hybrids on the specific soil and climate conditions in the Vidra area. Six eggplant cultivars were studied, 3 romanians created at RDIVFG Vidra (Belona, Andra F1 and L (Luiza x Pop Unirea) and 3 foreign (Estelle F1, Sharapova F1 and Madrid F1) in greenhouse and field. There were made assessments regarding the occurrence and evolution of the pathogen attack (Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria solani and Verticillium dahliae) in correlation with the environmental factors, the frequency and severity of the attack on the basis of which it was calculated the degree of attack. Also, observations have been made on the number of fruit per plant, the average fruit weight, yield and fruit quality. Among Romanian cultivars, the best yield was obtained at Andra F1 7.35 kg / sqm in greenhouse and 6.26 kg / sq m in the field. Among the foreign hybrids, have been highlighted Sharapova F1 with 9.04 respectively 7.8 kg / sq m yield and Estelle F1 with 8.44 respectively 6.63 kg / sq m in greenhouse respectively in the field. In greenhouse the average yield was higher with 10.1 t / ha comparatively with the field, and the quality I of yield was higher with 10.4 t / ha. The most sensitive hybrid of Verticillium dahliae (verticillium wilt) is Sharapova F1 (FA = 36.4%; GA = 15.9%), followed by Madrid F1 (FA = 36.4%, GA = 13.6%) and Estelle F1 (FA = 27.3%, GA = 18.2%). Among the varieties / hybrids created at RDIFG Vidra, Belona was not attacked by Verticillium dahliae and Andra F1 showed a low sensitivity

TENDENCIES REGARDING TRADE WITH OLEAGINOUS SEEDS OF ROMANIA

UE 28 became the number 1 world export with agricultural products and agro-foods in the year 2013. Romania’s trade balance with this category of products became positive in the same year. Fruits and seeds from oleaginous plants is the second group of agro-food products, due to that we had competitive advantages and we managed to surplus for the commercial balance of agro-food products in 2013 and 2014. This paper proposes an analysis of foreign trade with oleaginous seeds in the period 2007-2014. By conducting different trade indicators, like the Grubel Lloyd indicator, the imports coverage degree by exports, but also the territorial concentration index, we could observe the commercial evolution of the oleaginous in the last few years. The high demands for oleaginous will lead to increasing production and tradin

Antifungal effect of some steroidal glycoalkaloids on monilinia fructigena (ADERH. & RUHL.) honey fungus

Monilinia fructigena is the pathogen responsible for the appearance of brown rot and mummification of apple fruit present anywhere this species is grown. In Romania, the fungus attack is frequently in the apple orchards every year, depending on the environmental conditions, variety resistance, pathogen control management. The antifungal activity aainst this pathogen of steroidal glycoalcaloids extracted from Solanum species was tested in vitro. The steroidal glycoalkaloids considered were: solanine, solanidine, tomatine, solamargine, chaconine. Of these, a structural group, encoded GLY, was selected as one of the active components of a patented biofungicide. It was tested in concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% and compared with the control. The biological material was represented by the isolated Monilinia fructigena (Mf 7), collected on apple fruit, the Idared variety, originated from RIFG Maracineni. The fungus did not develop in the first 3 days of incubation in any of the experimental variants. After 6 days of observation, the fungus developed at variants of GLY 0.1%, GLY 0.5% and control. The maximum mycelial diameter was determined in the control variant with 73.3 mm after 12 days of observation. In the GLY0.1% variant the diameter of the colony was 50 mm and in the GLY 0.5% variant the diameter of the fungus colony reached 8.2 mm, after 12 days of observation. In GLY 1% variant fungus did not develop throughout the observation period. Efficacy was maximal (E = 100%) in the GLY1% variant, followed by the GLY0.5% variant, with the efficacy of 88.8%. The EC 50 and EC 90 values were 0. 21% and 0.75% for the data obtained after 12 days of observation

Culture of Lavender Investment for Health Beauty and Food

Initially, the lavender cultures were found in the Mediterranean basin, in the limestone and rocky areas (Europe and North Africa), as well as in Western India (Essential oil crops. Production guidelines for lavender, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 2009). Nowadays, with an increasing spread along Europe, lavender is cultivated on almost every continent and can be found also in North America, South America, South Africa, Asia or Australia. According to INTELIAGRO (Grebenicharski Stiliyan, Lavender Production in Bulgaria, 2016), Europe remains a main market, with Bulgaria and France holding 2/3 of the EU's lavender exports. The EU member countries, such as France and Germany, are also among the main importers of lavender, as well as the US and Swiss markets

The micoflora influence of wheat seeds on their quality indicators

There were analyzed the fifteen varieties of wheat seeds from lots of crops from South East of Romania, in conditions of 2014. Measurements were aimed at determining the associated fungal load of wheat seeds and establishing their influence on quality indicators. Classical method was used (PDA medium plate inoculation). It was established micromycetes proportion identified as follows: fungus Fusarium spp had minimum values of 30% at Solehio variety and maximum values at Alex variety of 80%. Alternaria spp colonized Flamura 85 variety seeds at a rate of 14%, with a maximum value of 60% at Solehio variety. Stemphylium spp micromicetes was present in 6% at Flamura 85 variety and recorded maximum value of 20% at Boema and Glosa varieties. Oedocephalum spp and Rhizopus spp colonized seeds of Glosa and Ilinca varieties, in proportion of 45%. Penicillium spp micromicetes recorded a maximum incidence of 25% at Elemenco variety. Epicoccum purpurascens was present on the seeds of wheat in a maximum proportion of 10% at Solehio variety. Germination of seeds recorded the lowest value of 87% at Solehio and a maximum value of 99% at Ilinca variety. Quality index determinations reveal a seeds moisture of minimum 12,3% of Apache variety and a maximum value of 16,6% for Flamura 85 variety. Minimum amount of protein was determined for Exotic variety (11,2%) and maximum content for Boema 1 variety (15,4%). Zeleny sedimentation index showed a satisfactory quality and good for all varieties, except Exotic variety which showed an index of 8, for a poor quality. Hardness seeds ranged between 22% at Exotic variety and 34% at Flamura 85. The amount of starch of varieties had a maximum difference of 2,7% and hectoliter mass ranged from 67,8% at Exotic variety and 78,2% at Dropia variety