595 research outputs found

    Budesonide foam versus budesonide enema in active ulcerative proctitis and proctosigmoiditis

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    Background: Rectal budesonide is an effective treatment of active ulcerative proctitis or proctosigmoiditis. Aim: To compare the therapeutic efficacy, tolerability and safety, and patient's preference of budesonide foam vs. budesonide enema. Methods: Patients with active ulcerative proctitis or proctosigmoiditis (clinical activity index >4 and endoscopic index ≥4) were eligible for this double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, multicentre study. They received 2 mg/25 mL budesonide foam and placebo enema (n = 265), or 2 mg/100 mL budesonide enema and placebo foam (n = 268) for 4 weeks. Primary endpoint was clinical remission (clinical activity index ≤4) at the final/withdrawal visit (per protocol). Results: A total of 541 patients were randomized - 533 were evaluable for intention-to-treat analysis and 449 for per protocol analysis. Clinical remission rates (per protocol) were 60% for budesonide foam and 66% for budesonide enema (P = 0.02362 for non-inferiority of foam vs. enema within a predefined non-inferiority margin of 15%). Both formulations were safe and no drug-related serious adverse events were observed. Because of better tolerability and easier application most patients preferred foam (84%). Conclusion: Budesonide foam is as effective as budesonide enema in the treatment of active ulcerative proctitis or proctosigmoiditis. Both budesonide formulations are safe, and most patients prefer foam.publishersversionPeer reviewe

    Incidence and pattern of mycophenolate discontinuation associated with abnormal monitoring blood-test results: cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum

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    Abstract Objective To examine the incidence and pattern of mycophenolate discontinuation associated with abnormal monitoring blood-tests. Methods Data from people prescribed mycophenolate for common inflammatory conditions in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink was used. Participants were followed from first mycophenolate prescription. Primary outcome was drug discontinuation with an associated abnormal blood-test result within 60 days. Secondary outcomes were drug discontinuation for any reason, and discontinuations associated with severely abnormal blood-test results within 60 days. Multivariable cox-regression was used to examine factors associated with primary outcome. Results The cohort included 992 participants (68.9% female, mean age 51.95 years, 47.1% with SLE) contributing 1,885 person-years of follow-up. The incidence of mycophenolate discontinuation associated with any (severely) abnormal blood-test results was 153.46 (21.07) per 1000 person-years in the first, and 32.39 (7.91) per 1000 person-years in later years of prescription, respectively. 11.5% (1.7%) patients prescribed mycophenolate discontinued treatment with any (severely) abnormal blood-test results in the first year of prescription. After this period mean 2.6% (0.7%) patients discontinued treatment with any (severely) abnormal blood-test results per year. Increased serum creatinine and cytopenia were more commonly associated with mycophenolate discontinuation than elevated liver enzymes. CKD-stage ≥3 was significantly associated with mycophenolate discontinuation with any blood-test abnormalities (aHR (95%CI) 2.22 (1.47–3.37)). Conclusion Mycophenolate is uncommonly discontinued for blood-test abnormalities, and, even less often discontinued for severe blood-test abnormalities after the first year of prescription. Consideration may be given for less frequent monitoring after one-year of treatment, especially in those without CKD-stage ≥3. </jats:sec

    Cyanobacterial Cell Lineage Analysis of the Spatiotemporal hetR Expression Profile during Heterocyst Pattern Formation in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120

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    Diazotrophic heterocyst formation in the filamentous cyanobacterium, Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, is one of the simplest pattern formations known to occur in cell differentiation. Most previous studies on heterocyst patterning were based on statistical analysis using cells collected or observed at different times from a liquid culture, which would mask stochastic fluctuations affecting the process of pattern formation dynamics in a single bacterial filament. In order to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of heterocyst formation at the single filament level, here we developed a culture system to monitor simultaneously bacterial development, gene expression, and phycobilisome fluorescence. We also developed micro-liquid chamber arrays to analyze multiple Anabaena filaments at the same time. Cell lineage analyses demonstrated that the initial distributions of hetR::gfp and phycobilisome fluorescence signals at nitrogen step-down were not correlated with the resulting distribution of developed heterocysts. Time-lapse observations also revealed a dynamic hetR expression profile at the single-filament level, including transient upregulation accompanying cell division, which did not always lead to heterocyst development. In addition, some cells differentiated into heterocysts without cell division after nitrogen step-down, suggesting that cell division in the mother cells is not an essential requirement for heterocyst differentiation

    Measurement of the Relative Branching Fraction of Υ(4S)\Upsilon(4S) to Charged and Neutral B-Meson Pairs

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    We analyze 9.7 x 10^6 B\bar{B}$ pairs recorded with the CLEO detector to determine the production ratio of charged to neutral B-meson pairs produced at the Y(4S) resonance. We measure the rates for B^0 -> J/psi K^{(*)0} and B^+ -> J/psi K^{(*)+} decays and use the world-average B-meson lifetime ratio to extract the relative widths f+-/f00 = Gamma(Y(4S) -> B+B-)/Gamma(Y(4S) -> B0\bar{B0}) = = 1.04 +/- 0.07(stat) +/- 0.04(syst). With the assumption that f+- + f00 = 1, we obtain f00 = 0.49 +/- 0.02(stat) +/- 0.01(syst) and f+- = 0.51 +/- 0.02(stat) +/- 0.01(syst). This production ratio and its uncertainty apply to all exclusive B-meson branching fractions measured at the Y(4S) resonance.Comment: 11 pages postscript, also available through http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLN

    First Observation of the Decays B0Dppˉπ+B^{0}\to D^{*-}p\bar{p}\pi^{+} and B^{0}\to D^{*-}p\bar{n}$

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    We report the first observation of exclusive decays of the type B to D^* N anti-N X, where N is a nucleon. Using a sample of 9.7 times 10^{6} B-Bbar pairs collected with the CLEO detector operating at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, we measure the branching fractions B(B^0 \to D^{*-} proton antiproton \pi^+) = ({6.5}^{+1.3}_{-1.2} +- 1.0) \times 10^{-4} and B(B^0 \to D^{*-} proton antineutron) = ({14.5}^{+3.4}_{-3.0} +- 2.7) times 10^{-4}. Antineutrons are identified by their annihilation in the CsI electromagnetic calorimeter.Comment: 9 pages postscript, also available through http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLN

    Study of the Decays B0 --> D(*)+D(*)-

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    The decays B0 --> D*+D*-, B0 --> D*+D- and B0 --> D+D- are studied in 9.7 million Y(4S) --> BBbar decays accumulated with the CLEO detector. We determine Br(B0 --> D*+D*-) = (9.9+4.2-3.3+-1.2)e-4 and limit Br(B0 --> D*+D-) < 6.3e-4 and Br(B0 --> D+D-) < 9.4e-4 at 90% confidence level (CL). We also perform the first angular analysis of the B0 --> D*+D*- decay and determine that the CP-even fraction of the final state is greater than 0.11 at 90% CL. Future measurements of the time dependence of these decays may be useful for the investigation of CP violation in neutral B meson decays.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

    A Search for BτνB\to \tau\nu

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    We report results of a search for BτνB\to\tau\nu in a sample of 9.7 million charged BB meson decays. The search uses both πν\pi\nu and ννˉ\ell\nu\bar\nu decay modes of the τ\tau, and demands exclusive reconstruction of the companion Bˉ\bar B decay to suppress background. We set an upper limit on the branching fraction B(Bτν)<8.4×104{\cal B}(B\to \tau\nu) < 8.4\times 10^{-4} at 90% confidence level. With slight modification to the analysis we also establish B(B±K±ννˉ)<2.4×104{\cal B}(B^\pm\to K^\pm\nu\bar\nu) < 2.4\times 10^{-4} at 90% confidence level.Comment: 10 ages postscript, also available through http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLN

    Measurements of B --> D_s^{(*)+} D^{*(*)} Branching Fractions

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    This article describes improved measurements by CLEO of the B0Ds+DB^0 \to D_s^+ D^{*-} and B0Ds+DB^0 \to D_s^{*+} D^{*-} branching fractions, and first evidence for the decay B+Ds()+Dˉ0B^+ \to D_s^{(*)+} \bar{D}^{**0}, where Dˉ0\bar{D}^{**0} represents the sum of the Dˉ1(2420)0\bar{D}_1(2420)^0, Dˉ2(2460)0\bar{D}_2^*(2460)^0, and Dˉ1(j=1/2)0\bar{D}_1(j=1/2)^0 L=1 charm meson states. Also reported is the first measurement of the Ds+D_s^{*+} polarization in the decay B0Ds+DB^0 \to D_s^{*+} D^{*-}. A partial reconstruction technique, employing only the fully reconstructed Ds+D_s^+ and slow pion πs\pi_s^- from the DDˉ0πsD^{*-} \to \bar{D}^0 \pi^-_s decay, enhances sensitivity. The observed branching fractions are B(B0Ds+D)=(1.10±0.18±0.10±0.28){\mathcal B} (B^0 \to D_s^+ D^{*-}) = (1.10 \pm 0.18 \pm 0.10 \pm 0.28)%, B(B0Ds+D)=(1.82±0.37±0.24±0.46){\mathcal B} (B^0 \to D_s^{*+} D^{*-}) = (1.82 \pm 0.37 \pm 0.24 \pm 0.46)%, and B(B+Ds()+Dˉ0)=(2.73±0.78±0.48±0.68){\mathcal B} (B^+ \to D_s^{(*)+} \bar{D}^{**0}) = (2.73 \pm 0.78 \pm 0.48 \pm 0.68)%, where the first error is statistical, the second systematic, and the third is due to the uncertainty in the Ds+ϕπ+D_s^+ \to \phi \pi^+ branching fraction. The measured Ds+D_s^{*+} longitudinal polarization, ΓL/Γ=(50.6±13.9±3.6)\Gamma_L/\Gamma = (50.6 \pm 13.9 \pm 3.6)%, is consistent with the factorization prediction of 54%.Comment: 26 pages (LaTeX), 15 figures. To be submitted to PR

    Improved Measurement of the Pseudoscalar Decay Constant fDsf_{D_{s}}

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    We present a new determination of the Ds decay constant, f_{Ds} using 5 million continuum charm events obtained with the CLEO II detector. Our value is derived from our new measured ratio of widths for Ds -> mu nu/Ds -> phi pi of 0.173+/- 0.021 +/- 0.031. Taking the branching ratio for Ds -> phi pi as (3.6 +/- 0.9)% from the PDG, we extract f_{Ds} = (280 +/- 17 +/- 25 +/- 34){MeV}. We compare this result with various model calculations.Comment: 23 page postscript file, postscript file also available through http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLN
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