STUDI IDENTIFIKASI KERAGAMAN JENIS, DAN KELIMPAHAN FITOPLANKTON DAN PLANKTON BERACUN SERTA STATUS TROFIK PERAIRAN PANTAI SELABIH

Wilayah pesisir atau wilayah pantai dan lautan adalah suatu kawasan yang sangat strategis baik ditinjau dari segi ekologi, sosial budaya, dan ekonomi. Semakin menurunnya kualitas dan kuantitas kawasan pesisir di beberapa daerah di Indonesia, kawasan pesisir di Kabupaten Tabanan bagian barat khususnya di pantai Selabih. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui kondisi biologis dan produktivitas primer Pantai Selabih dilihat dari parameter : Keragaman jenis phytoplankton dan plankton beracun di perairan pantai Selabih, Komposisi jenis phytoplankton dan plankton beracun di masing-masing stasiun dan setiap periode pengamatan. Status tropik perairan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keragaman hayati jenis phytoplankton dan plankton beracun di sepanjang Pantai Selabih, Kabupaten Tabanan khususnya pada stasiun pengambilan sampel mempunyai jenis keragaman yang relative tinggi, maka secara keseluruhan ditemukan 6 kelas phytoplankton yaitu kelas Diatome, Desmidiacae, Xanthophyta, Euglenophyta, Chrysophycae, dan Phyrophyta, Dengan 13 jenis species yaitu : dari kelas Diatome 5 species (Diatoma vulgare, Thallssiothrix sp, Liomophora lingbyoi, Amphiprora gigantean, : Nitzchina sp.). dari kelas Desmidiacae 2 species (Cosmarium cucurbitimun, Penium spirostriolatum,). Dari kelas Xanthophycae 1 species (Batryyococcus braunii), dari kelas Euglenophyta 1 species (Phacus anomale), dari kels Phyropita 4 (Gonyaulax polyedra, Gymnodinum costatum, Peridenium crasipen, Warworia fusus). Komposisi jenis pitoplankton dan plankton beracun pada setipa periode pengamatan di masing-masing stasiun berubah-ubah dari waktu kewaktu. Kelimpahan fitoplankton dan plankton yang beracun, berbeda-beda pada setiap stasiun. Pada setiap periode pengamatan di masing-masing stasiun juga menunjukkan kelimpahan yang berbeda-beda. Secara keseluruhan puncak kelimpahan yang tertinggi terjadi pada stasiun I (satu) yaitu 92.454 ind/liter, dan plankton beracun 66.038 ind/liter, sedangkan pada stasiun V (lima) puncak kelimaphan tertinggi yaitu 29.451 ind/liter, sedangkan plankton beracun 13.208 ind/liter. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pada stasiun I memiliki tingkat kesuburan perairan yang paling tinggi, akibat dari bermuaranya sungai yang cukup besar di stasiun ini yaitu tukad Yeh Leh, sedangkan stasiun yang lainnya hanya bermuara sungai-sungai kecil. Walaupun kelimpahan fitoplanton berbeda-beda di masing-masing stasiun dan setiap periode pengamatna, tetapi dari status tropik perairan semuanya berada pada perairan dari mesotrofik sampai politrofik, dan tidak pernah terjadi sampai status oligotropik, yaitu kelimpahan terendah yang terjadi di stasiun V yaitu 13.208 inde/liter masih tergolong mesotrofik

Preterm preeclampsia and timing of delivery: a systematic literature review

sem informaçãoIntroduction Preeclampsia, a multifactorial disease with pathophysiology not yet fully understood, is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, especially when preterm. The diagnosis is performed when there is an association between3911499499sem informaçãosem informaçãosem informaçã

Locally periodic unfolding method and two-scale convergence on surfaces of locally periodic microstructures

In this paper we generalize the periodic unfolding method and the notion of two-scale convergence on surfaces of periodic microstructures to locally periodic situations. The methods that we introduce allow us to consider a wide range of non-periodic microstructures, especially to derive macroscopic equations for problems posed in domains with perforations distributed non-periodically. Using the methods of locally periodic two-scale convergence (l-t-s) on oscillating surfaces and the locally periodic (l-p) boundary unfolding operator, we are able to analyze differential equations defined on boundaries of non-periodic microstructures and consider non-homogeneous Neumann conditions on the boundaries of perforations, distributed non-periodically

Electoral surveys influence on the voting processes: a cellular automata model

Nowadays, in societies threatened by atomization, selfishness, short-term thinking, and alienation from political life, there is a renewed debate about classical questions concerning the quality of democratic decision-making. In this work a cellular automata (CA) model for the dynamics of free elections based on the social impact theory is proposed. By using computer simulations, power law distributions for the size of electoral clusters and decision time have been obtained. The major role of broadcasted electoral surveys in guiding opinion formation and stabilizing the ``{\it status quo}'' was demonstrated. Furthermore, it was shown that in societies where these surveys are manipulated within the universally accepted statistical error bars, even a majoritary opposition could be hindered from reaching the power through the electoral path.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figure

Ototoxicidade dos antibióticos aminoglicosídeos e sistema eferente: comparação entre a administração aguda e crônica com gentamicina e os efeitos agudos de outros antibióticos

OBJECTIVES: 1) To review the global base activity of the auditory nerve, the medial efferent olivocochlear system and the effect of aminosydes; 2) to investigate theblocking effect of gentamicin against the contralateral efferent supression of the ipsilateral cochlear activity using doses below 150 mg/kg; 3) to verify if this effectcould constitute an early sign of ototoxicity during a chronic treatment with gentamicin (60 mg/kg i.m. for 10 days); and 4) to determine if others aminosydes would have the same acute effects of gentamicin and if there would be a correlation between its specificities and ototoxicity degree and its potential to block the medial efferent system.MATERIALS AND METHODS: To test the function of the medial efferent olivocochlear system, the base electrical activity of the auditory nerve was tested in guinea pigsbefore and during a low contralateral acoustic stimulation intensity (55 dB SPL).RESULTS: Results show a dose-dependent effect of gentamicin on contralateral supression.The 120 mg/kg dose of gentamicin induced a smaller block of the medial efferent system compared to the 150 mg/kg, and no block was observed in smaller doses. During chronic treatment, no alteration either in the base activity of the auditory nerve without acoustic stimulation or in contralateral efferent supression was verified.The guinea pigs, monitored for several weeks after chronic treatment, presented a progressive reduction of the base activity of the auditory nerve without contralateral stimulation, in addition to a reduction in the coefficient of base activity suppressionand an increase in auditory limits, suggesting impairment of the cochlear function.CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that chronic gentamicin treatment (60 mg/kg), although ototoxic, does not affect contralateral efferent suppression, at least before the development of ototoxicity.OBJETIVOS: 1) Revisar a atividade de base global do nervo auditivo, sistema olivococlear eferente medial e efeito dos aminosídeos; 2) investigar o efeito bloqueador da gentamicina à supressão eferente contralateral da atividade coclear ipsilateral utilizando doses inferiores à 150 mg/kg; 3) verificar se este efeito poderia constituir um sinal antecipatório de ototoxicidade durante um tratamento crônico com gentamicina (60 mg/kg i.m. durante 10 dias); e 4) determinar se outros aminosídeos teriam os mesmos efeitos agudos que a gentamicina e se haveria uma correlação entre suas especificidades e graus de ototoxicidade e suas potências de bloqueio do sistemaeferente medial.MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: A função do sistema eferente olivococlear medial foi testada em cobaias pelo registro da atividade elétrica de base do nervo auditivo, antes edurante uma estimulação acústica contralateral de baixa intensidade (55 dB SPL).RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostram um efeito dose-dependente da gentamicina na supressão contralateral, uma vez que uma dose de 120 mg/kg de gentamicinainduziu um menor bloqueio do sistema eferente medial comparado a 150 mg/kg, e nenhum bloqueio foi observado com doses inferiores. Durante o tratamento crônico, nenhuma alteração da atividade de base do nervo auditivo sem estimulação acústica ou da supressão eferente contralateral foi verificada. As cobaias monitoradas durante várias semanas após o tratamento crônico apresentaram uma redução progressiva da atividade de base do nervo auditivo sem estimulação contralateral, além de uma redução dos coeficientes de supressão da atividade de base e elevação dos limiares auditivos, denotando uma função coclear injuriada.CONCLUSÃO: O estudo demonstrou que um tratamento crônico com 60 mg/kg de gentamicina, apesar de ototóxico, não afeta a supressão eferente contralateral, pelo menos antes do desenvolvimento da ototoxicidade

Effects of soil management and deficit irrigation strategies on physiological and agronomical responses of Aragonez field-grown grapevines

The use of irrigation in Mediterranean viticulture is now a common practice in intensive grapevine production to improve quality of production. The negative effects of water deficits on grape berry development are well known but the underlying mechanisms remain not fully understood. To avoid the unfavourable impacts of mechanization on the soil structure and biology some farmers are using cover crops on their vineyards. Within this frame we have compared the traditional soil tillage with a high level of mechanization with other system where we maintained a permanent soil cover between the rows. In both soil systems we tested three different irrigation treatments, deficit irrigation (DI - 40% of evapotranspiration (ETc)); regulated deficit irrigation (RDI); partial root drying (PRD) while in the soil cover treatment we also studied the full irrigation (FI) and the non irrigation (NI) treatments. Compared to soil tillage the resident vegetation reduced soil water content during late Spring, before irrigation started, inducing a significant reduction on vine vegetative growth berry weight and yield. Among irrigation strategies only RDI treatment showed a significant reduction in the lateral leaf area development, berry weight and yield when compared to PRD and DI treatments which presented similar values. No significant differences were observed in berry composition either for the two floor management practices or for the three irrigation strategiesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Description of Lyme disease-like syndrome in Brazil: is it a new tick borne disease or Lyme disease variation?

An emerging clinical entity that reproduces clinical manifestations similar to those observed in Lyme disease (LD) has been recently under discussion in Brazil. Due to etiological and laboratory particularities it is named LD-like syndrome or LD imitator syndrome. The condition is considered to be a zoonosis transmitted by ticks of the genus Amblyomma, possibly caused by interaction of multiple fastidious microorganisms originating a protean clinical picture, including neurological, osteoarticular and erythema migrans-like lesions. When peripheral blood of patients with LD-like syndrome is viewed under a dark-field microscope, mobile uncultivable spirochete-like bacteria are observed. PCR carried out with specific or conservative primers to recognize Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto or the genus Borrelia has been negative in ticks and in biological samples. Two different procedures, respectively involving hematoxylin and eosin staining of cerebrospinal fluid and electron microscopy analysis of blood, have revealed spirochetes not belonging to the genera Borrelia, Leptospira or Treponema. Surprisingly, co-infection with microorganisms resembling Mycoplasma and Chlamydia was observed on one occasion by electron microscopy analysis. We discuss here the possible existence of a new tick-borne disease in Brazil imitating LD, except for a higher frequency of recurrence episodes observed along prolonged clinical follow-up

Observed flux density enhancement at submillimeter wavelengths during an X-class flare

We analyse the 30 October, 2004, X1.2/SF solar event that occurred in AR 10691 (N13 W18) at around 11:44 UT. Observations at 212 and 405 GHz of the Solar Submillimeter Telescope (SST), with high time resolution (5 ms), show an intense impulsive burst followed by a long-lasting thermal phase. EUV images from the Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (SOHO/EIT) are used to identify the possible emitting sources. Data from the Radio Solar Telescope Network (RSTN) complement our spectral observations below 15 GHz. During the impulsive phase the turnover frequency is above 15.4 GHz. The long-lasting phase is analysed in terms of thermal emission and compared with GOES observations. From the ratio between the two GOES soft X-ray bands, we derive the temperature and emission measure, which is used to estimate the free-free submillimeter flux density. Good temporal agreement is found between the estimated and observed profiles, however the former is larger than the latter.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure

Gravitomagnetic time-varying effects on the motion of a test particle

We study the effects of a time-varying gravitomagnetic field on the motion of test particles. Starting from recent results, we consider the gravitomagnetic field of a source whose spin angular momentum has a linearly time-varying magnitude. The acceleration due to such a time-varying gravitomagnetic field is considered as a perturbation of the Newtonian motion, and we explicitly evaluate the effects of this perturbation on the Keplerian elements of a closed orbit. The theoretical predictions are compared with actual astronomical and astrophysical scenarios, both in the solar system and in binary pulsars systems, in order to evaluate the impact of these effects on real systems.Comment: 8 pages, RevTeX; revised to match the version accepted for publication in General Relativity and Gravitatio