Epidemiological And Molecular Mechanisms Aspects Linking Obesity And Cancer [mecanismos Epidemiológicos E Moleculares Que Associam Obesidade E Câncer]

About 25% of cancer cases globally are due to excess weight and a sedentary lifestyle. These results are alarming, as the world knows a pandemy of obesity and, in consequence, insulin resistance. Obesity may increase risk for various cancers by several mechanisms, including increasing sex and metabolic hormones, and inflammation. Here, we present a review of epidemiological and molecular evidences linking obesity and cancer - particularly colorectal, post-menopausal breast, endometrial, pancreatic, high grade prostate, hepatocellular, gallbladder, kidney and esophageal adenocarcinoma. 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Soccer and homosexuality: the conflicts that lie within the affective game of the coach-adolescent athlete relationship

Discussions regarding homosexuality within a sports context are mediated by emotional nuances, especially in the world of soccer, where practitioners are required to have attributes such as strength, masculinity and aggressiveness. As a consequence, this work aimed to analyze the symbolic representation of homosexual relationships between adolescent soccer players and their coaches; and, furthermore, to understand the intention behind homoerotic relationships that are established between members of the management team and its players. In this study, researchers used the life history methodology, with participation from three adolescent athletes, ages 14, 15 and 16, and three former athletes, ages 26, 28 and 45, who we called speakers. Based on the collection and analysis of research participants’ testimonies, homosexual relations were found to have occurred between athletes and coaches, or between athletes and other members of the management team, as a part of a “social contract” that is exclusively linked to their professional objectives. These relationships appear to be purely objective; authentic affective links are absent, due apparently to the transient nature of the athletes in these groups. Too, this context is usually marked by the athlete’s physical and emotional vulnerability, and the agreements he makes within this context are accompanied with moral dilemmas, because such adolescents idealize the coach as a paternal archetype.“Futebol e homossexualidade: Os conflitos que se encontram dentro do jogo afetivo da relação treinador-atleta adolescente.” As discussões a respeito da homossexualidade no contexto esportivo são mediadas por nuanças emocionais, especialmente no mundo do futebol que exige de seus praticantes atributos de força, virilidade e agressividade. Por este motivo este trabalho teve como objetivos diagnosticar existência de relações homossexuais entre atletas adolescentes da modalidade de futebol e seus técnicos e sua representação simbólica e ainda, compreender a intencionalidade das relações homoafetivas que se estabelecem entre componentes da equipe diretiva e os jogadores. Esta pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa e a técnica adotada foi a “história de vida” e a participação de três atletas adolescentes em atividade, com idade de 14, 15 e 16 anos e três ex-atletas profissionais, com idades 26, 28 e 45 anos serviram de base metodológica. A partir da análise e tratamento dos depoimentos verificou-se que ocorreram relações homossexuais nas categorias de base envolvendo técnico e atleta, ou com outros membros da equipe diretiva, como parte dos contratos sociais, ligados exclusivamente a objetivos profissionais. Estas relações parecem ser puramente objetais, não parecendo existir vínculos afetivos duradouros, aparentemente, devido à natureza transitória de atletas nesses grupos. Também, nesses ambientes, muitas vezes marcados pela vulnerabilidade física e emocional dos atletas, os acertos para as relações homossexuais são permeadas por dilemas morais, tendo em vista que os atletas adolescentes idealizam o treinador como o arquétipo paterno ideal.“El fútbol y la homosexualidad: Los conflictos que se encuentran dentro del juego afectivo de la relación atleta-entrenador de los adolescentes.” Las discusiones sobre la homosexualidad en contexto deportivo están mediadas por matices emocionales, sobre todo en el mundo del fútbol que exige a sus jugadores atributos como la fuerza, la virilidad y los jugadores. En este estudio, los investigadores utilizaron la metodología de la historia de vida, con la participación de tres atletas adolescentes, con 14, 15 y 16 años, y tres ex atletas con 26, 28 y 45 años, que llamamos ‘oradores’. Basado en la recogida y análisis de testimonios de participantes en la investigación, se encontró que las relaciones homosexuales que se han producido entre los atletas y entrenadores, o entre atletas y otros miembros del equipo de gestión, son como parte de un “contrato social” que está vinculado exclusivamente a sus objetivos profesionales. Estas relaciones parecen ser solamente como un objeto; porque a veces no hay vínculos afectivos auténticos, debido aparentemente a la naturaleza transitoria de los atletas en estos grupos. Demasiado, este contexto es generalmente marcado por la vulnerabilidad física y emocional del deportista, y los acuerdos que hace dentro de este contexto se acompañan con dilemas morales, debido a que tales adolescentes idealizan el entrenador como un arquetipo paterno. la agresividad. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo diagnosticar la existencia de relaciones homosexuales entre adolescentes atletas de fútbol y sus entrenadores y la representación simbólica de estas relaciones. También comprender la intencionalidad de las relaciones homoafetivas que se intercambian entre algunos componentes del equipo directivo y(undefined

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Efeitos ambientais e genéticos sobre escores visuais e ganho em peso ao sobreano de bovinos brangus

This research aimed at studying the effects of age of the cow at calving (IVP), age of the animal at yearling (IDS), the direct additive genetic (AD) and maternal (AM) effects and individual heterozygosity (HI) on visual scores of conformation (CS), early finishing (PS) and muscling (MS) at postweaning and average daily gain from weaning to yearling (GDS) of cattle used to originate the Brangus breed. There were analyzed records on 24 531, 21 166, 24 006 and 25 419 for CS, PS, MS and GDS, respectively, of animals born from 1986 to 2002 belonging to livestock files of Gensys Consultores Associados S/C Ltda. The analyses were performed by the least square method using mathematical models that included contemporary group as class varia- ble and IVP, IDS, AD, AM and HI as covariates. IVP showed linear and quadratic effects (p<0.01) on GDS and linear (p<0.01) on PS, while the quadratic effect of IDS was not significant for PS and GDS. AD and AM were significant (p<0.01) only for PS and MS scores, respectively. All the traits were significantly (p<0.01) influenced by HI. The environmental and genetic effects were important sources of variation for the studied traits and should be taken into account when comparison of animals and selection were performed.O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar os efeitos da idade da vaca ao parto (IVP) e idade do animal ao sobreano (IDS), bem como os efeitos genéticos aditivos diretos (AD) e maternos (AM) e da heterozigose individual (HI), sobre os escores visuais de conformação (CS), precocidade (PS) e musculatura (MS) ao sobreano e o ganho médio diário de peso da desmama ao sobreano (GDS) de animais formadores da raça Brangus. Foram analisados 24 531, 21 166, 24 006 e 25 419 dados de CS, PS, MS e GDS, respectivamente, de animais nascidos entre 1986 e 2002, provenientes do arquivo zootécnico da empresa Gensys Consul- tores Associados S/C Ltda. As análises foram realizadas pela metodologia de quadrados míni- mos utilizando modelos que incluíram os efeitos de grupo de contemporâneos como variável classificatória e IVP, IDS, AD, AM e HI como covariáveis. IVP apresentou efeitos linear e quadrático (p<0,01) sobre GDS e linear (p<0,01) para PS, enquanto que o efeito quadrático da IDS não foi significativo para PS e GDS. AD e AM foram significativos (p<0,01) somente para os escores PS e MS, respectivamente. Todas as caracterís- ticas avaliadas foram influenciadas significativa- mente (p<0,01) pelo efeito da heterozigose indivi- dual. Os efeitos ambientais e genéticos revelaram- se importantes fontes de variação para as carac- terísticas estudadas, devendo-se, pois, serem levados em consideração em tais casos, na distinção e comparação dos animais para fins de seleção

Estimates of genetic parameters for visual scores and their correlation with production and reproductive traits in Brahman cattle

The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of visual scores of body structure, precocity and muscularity with production (body weight at 18 months and average daily gain) and reproductive (scrotal circumference) traits in Brahman cattle in order to determine the possible use of these scores as selection criteria to improve carcass quality. Covariance components were estimated by the restricted maximum likelihood method using an animal model that included contemporary group as fixed effect. A total of 1,116 observations of body structure, precocity and muscularity were used. Heritability was 0.39, 043 and 0.40 for body structure, precocity and muscularity, respectively. The genetic correlations were 0.79 between body structure and precocity, 0.87 between body structure and muscularity, and 0.91 between precocity and muscularity. The genetic correlations between visual scores and body weight at 18 months were positive (0.77, 0.57 and 0.59 for body structure, precocity and muscularity, respectively). Similar genetic correlations were observed between average daily gain and visual scores (0.60, 0.57 and 0.48, respectively), whereas the genetic correlations between scrotal circumference and these scores were low (0.13, 0.02, and 0.13). The results indicate that visual scores can be used as selection criteria in Brahman breeding programs. Favorable correlated responses should be seen in average daily gain and body weight at 18 months. However, no correlated response is expected for scrotal circumference

Associação entre risco cardiovascular e hipertensão arterial em professores universitários Association between cardiovascular risk and hypertension in universities professors

A hipertensão arterial é uma das mais importantes causas modificáveis de morbi-mortalidade cardiovascular precoce na população adulta mundial, além de ser fator de risco independente para doenças cardiovasculares. Assim objetivou-se verificar a associação entre indicadores de risco cardiovascular e hipertensão arterial em professores universitários. Foram avaliados 145 professores da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), no ano de 2009, analisando-se as variáveis: sexo, idade, índice de massa corporal (IMC), relação cintura/quadril (RCQ), circunferência abdominal (CA), percentual de gordura (%G), colesterol total (CT), triacilglicerol (TG), glicose, pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) de repouso e consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx). Utilizou-se o teste ANOVA one way para comparação entre indivíduos normotensos e pré-hipertensos e hipertensos. Calculou-se a razão de chances de desenvolvimento de quadros de PA elevada entre os indivíduos que apresentavam níveis indicativos de risco cardiovascular. Todos os tratamentos possuíram nível de significância de p < 0,05. Os homens apresentaram valores significativamente maiores para idade, peso, estatura, IMC, RCQ, CA, PAS e PAD. Já as mulheres possuíam um %G significativamente elevado. Os indivíduos com níveis pressóricos elevados apresentaram valores maiores para todas as variáveis, à exceção do VO2máx. Observou-se associação os fatores de risco e elevação da PA somente para as variáveis: sexo, idade, IMC, CA, %G e TG. Conclui-se que o gênero, a idade, o IMC, a circunferência abdominal, o percentual de gordura corporal e os triacilgliceróis foram considerados indicadores de risco cardiovascular por apresentarem associação com a hipertensão arterial na amostra de professores avaliados.<br>Hypertension is one of the most important modifiable causes of precocious cardiovascular morbid-mortality in the adult population worldwide, and it's an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Thus we aimed to investigate the association between cardiovascular risk and blood pressure on universities professors. 145 professors from Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) were evaluated, in 2009, analyzing the variables: gender, age, body mass index (BMI), waist / hip ratio (WHR), abdominal circumference (AC), percent body fat (% BF), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), glucose, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) at rest and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). We used ANOVA one way test for comparison between normotensive and prehypertensive and hypertensive individuals. It was calculated the odds ratio of high BP expansion among individuals who had indicative levels of cardiovascular risk. All treatments possessed a significance level of p < 0.05. Men showed significantly higher values for age, weight, height, BMI, WHR, AC, SBP and DBP. The women have had significantly higher % BF. Individuals with high blood pressure had higher values for all variables, except for VO2max. Association between risk factors and blood pressure increase was only observed to gender, age, BMI, % BF and BT. It is concluded that gender, age, BMI, abdominal circumference, percentage body fat and triglycerides were considered risk factors for cardiovascular disease associated with hypertension in the sample of professors evaluated