Normas técnicas específicas para a produção integrada de cebola.

A publicação das Normas Técnicas da Cebola (NTE) disponibiliza um conjunto de normas e procedimentos para a cadeia produtiva da cebola com base nos conceitos de produção integrada, os quais asseguram elevada qualidade e produtividade para a cultura, com viabilidade econômica e social, proteção ao meio ambiente e qualidade alimentar

Glycemic control among U.S. Hispanics/Latinos with diabetes from the HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study: Do structural and functional social support play a role?

Social support is one potential source of health-related resiliency in Hispanics with diabetes

Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1) Proteins Do Not Drive Pericentromeric Cohesin Enrichment in Human Cells

Sister chromatid cohesion mediated by cohesin is essential for accurate chromosome segregation. Classical studies suggest that heterochromatin promotes cohesion, but whether this happens through regulation of cohesin remains to be determined. Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) is a major component of heterochromatin. In fission yeast, the HP1 homologue Swi6 interacts with cohesin and is required for proper targeting and/or stabilization of cohesin at the centromeric region. To test whether this pathway is conserved in human cells, we have examined the behavior of cohesin in cells in which the levels of HP1 alpha, beta or gamma (the three HP1 proteins present in mammalian organisms) have been reduced by siRNA. We have also studied the consequences of treating human cells with drugs that change the histone modification profile of heterochromatin and thereby affect HP1 localization. Our results show no evidence for a requirement of HP1 proteins for either loading of bulk cohesin onto chromatin in interphase or retention of cohesin at pericentric heterochromatin in mitosis. However, depletion of HP1gamma leads to defects in mitotic progression

Aerobic granular sludge: State of the art, applications, and new perspectives.

The aerobic granular sludge (AGS) process has attracted significant interest over the last decade and is one of the most promising wastewater treatment technologies. AGS offers several advantages over conventional activated sludge (CAS) including excellent settling, and higher volumetric loading capacity. Because of porosity, concentration gradients develop and stratified aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic layers develop throughout granule depth. This is the reason for simultaneous nutrient removal in a single tank. Aerobic granulation is influenced by many parameters including wastewater characteristics and operating conditions. Among these, the anaerobic upflow feeding strategy and a properly balanced feast/famine regime have most significantly influenced granule stability and nutrient removal efficiency. Hydraulic shear forces can improve the physical characteristics of the granules, whereas selective wasting also allows undesirable biomass with low density to be washed out. Implementation of AGS in full-scale requires some important retrofitting, including adequate grit and particulate organics removal from the wastewater. Furthermore, aerobic granular sludge cycles should be designed with flexibility to address variable influent loads. Considerations include equalization and flow balancing, dissolved oxygen control strategies, multiple draw points for selective wasting and swing-capabilities. Several studies and full-scale implementations have demonstrated that AGS is suited for the treatment of a wide variety of industrial wastewaters, as well as municipal wastewater. Full-scale implementations of AGS treating municipal wastewater have improved process stability, attained more stringent effluent quality (i.e., total nitrogen (TN) <5 mg/L; total phosphorus (TP) <0.3 mg/L), resulting in 30% to 60% energy savings compared with CAS