CROP SUITABILITY ANALYSIS AND EASTERN CRAIOVA MAIN SOILS PRODUCTIVITY CAPACITY, CIRCEA AREA

The analysis on fertility, crop suitability for different plants and eastern Craiova soils productivity capacity, i.e. Circea village area, was carried out by estimation work under natural conditions, a complex specialized work which highlights natural conditions of the area, where the soils and their physicochemical properties emerged and developed. Due to a varied natural conditions range, mainly because of the landscape, a large variety of soils, such as the reddish preluvosoil have formed in the area where the research was carried out; out of which, on wider areas, reddish luvic preluvosoil, reddish eroded and stagnic preluvosoil and reddish alluvial preluvosoil. As a result of land evaluation and crop favourability classes, depending on natural factors and soil properties in the researched area, one can note that the alluvial reddish preluvosoil is characterized by the highest natural fertility, being followed by the luvic red preluvosoil. Reddish stagnic preluvosoil is characterized by a very low natural productivity potential, highly differentiating itself from the other three types of soil. The highest productivity is that of the reddish alluvial preluvosoil followed closely by that of the reddish luvic preluvosoil, and the lowest productivity is that of the reddish eroded and stagnic preluvosoils; that of soils on slopes,  where the lowering or limiting factors of productive capacity are represented by the processes of erosion and stagnogleyzation

RESEARCHES CONCERNING THE USE OF ALPHA-ALPHA AS COVERCROP FOR SUNFLOWER CULTIVATED AFTER NO TILL TECHNOLOGY

Lot of research effort is devoted nowadays for reduced tillage. The new no-till technology brings about changings and challenges. Agronomists became aware of the benefits of this system and try to make it suitable for different soil-clime conditions. Soil organic matter, mineralization, erosion, compaction and last but not least, the high energy requirements are the main disadvantages of the plow-based agriculture. The no till system has disadvantages, too: soil temperature decreasing, higher leaching, difficult low soluble fertilizer incorporation but its advantages strongly overpass them. They can be summarized as follows: increasing soil organic matter content, reducing the fuel and labor consumption as well as machinery requirements, almost stopping the soil water erosion, increasing the yield by approx. 20%, increasing the surface that can be worked by a farmer and enhancing the benefit. The present paper presents the results of an experiment carried out during 4 years. The first three years the experimental plots were planted with alpha-alpha. In the spring of the fourth year the alpha-alpha vegetation was destroyed by glyphosate and there was sown sunflower. The results were very good (2,400 kg/ha) as compared with the plowed treatment

STUDIES ON THE CONVERSION FROM A CONVENTIONAL AGRICULTURE SYSTEM TO AN ECOLOGICAL AND BIODYNAMIC ONE, WITHIN THE FARM „TERRA NOSTRA ECOLAND FARMS“ BAILESTI, DOLJ - ROMANIA

Traditional and natural agriculture has been practiced for centuries in Romania. However, in recent years, agriculture has taken a different approach due to the fact that substance and medium sized farmers no longer have access to markets. The inception of cheap and highly subsidized industrial food is a reason for this phenomenon. On the other hand, most farmers have moved away from traditional and indigenous agriculture, gradually losing their livelihoods due to the mass emergence of high-cost pesticides, use of hybrids and other agricultural resources which are also responsible for the low level of employment in rural areas. Simultaneously, traditional and indigenous agriculture has been negatively affected as a result of monopolistic and industrial marketing, thus depriving farmers of their rights to their own seed resources for farming. For this reason, it is important to support subsistence farms and agricultural production that originates in the region and can be managed efficiently with the resources at their disposal.At the end of the conversion period, it was discovered that farms designed in this way produce healthy food, through the resulting soil fertility, increased plant vitality as well as proper and efficient animal attributes. At the same time, such farms develop a cultural landscape capable of development and regeneration in the sense of nature conservation. Thus, such a model can be successfully practiced by all farmers in the Oltenia Romania region, but also in all the country and of course in other European countries

RESEARCH ON THE BEHAVIOR OF SOME SUNFLOWER CULTIVATIONS IN THE SPECIFIC CONDITIONS OF THE NORTH AREA OF OLT COUNTY

The sunflower, unlike other phytotechnical plants, tolerates drought much better, this is primarily due to the better developed root system with a high capacity to absorb and solubilize water and nutrients from the soil, for a longer period of time, its ability to reduce evapotranspiration and, respectively, the possibility of a rapid return of the leaves to the state of turgor, but the production decreases proportionally to the intensity and duration of these processes. To achieve high performance, sunflower cultivars must have stable F1 heterosis, high seed oil content, high production capacity, short growing season, uniformity in average plant height, high resistance to agents pathogens. In the ecopedological conditions of the Bărăşti - Olt area, on a preluvosol type soil, research was carried out on a number of 6 hybrids: Favorit, Performer, Venus, Saturn,  Alex, Vera, the production results highlighting their different adaptation to specific culture conditions. The highest yields were recorded for the Performer hybrid -3935 kg/ha and the Venus hybrid -3786 kg/ha. All hybrids achieved productions above 3000 kg/ha

THE BEHAVIOR OF SOME LOCAL WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE ECOPEDOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE ROMANATI PLAIN

For two years (2018-2019), under  the condition of the cambic chernozem argillic-illuvial soil, from S.C. ETCO – MAR S.R.L Cilieni there had been grown the next varieties of wheat: GLOSA -romanian variety and RUBISKO, AVENUE, ANAPURNA-french varieties. Regarding to the production obtained, the Glosa variety has recorded the average value of 6100 kg/ ha, and the Avenue and Rubisko varieties  has obtained an average production of 8500-8800 kg/ ha. Wheat grain protein content  largely depends on : the wheat variety, cultivation tecnology (irrigated, unwaterry, fertilization) and the pedoclimatic conditions.A high protein content is associated with a good bakery quality. Among the technological factors, the fertilization influences the wheat protein the most. It is recommended the cultivation of the wheat varieties with a high production capacity, with good resistance to the main climate risk factors in Romania, with good drop resistance and high union capacity, with high ecological plasticty, from different maturity classes, with good tolerance to major foliar diseases, with superior quality indices.

STUDY REGARDING THE BEHAVIOR OF SOME VARIETIES OF WHEAT, IN ECOPEDOLOGICAL CONDITIONS, FROM THE SOUTH-WEST AREA OF DOLJ COUNTY

The research aims at the comparative study of some varieties of autumn wheat in conventional cultivation system, in the conditions of the eutricpsamosol, from Poiana Mare, on an area of 300 ha cultivated with wheat, for a better knowledge of them, in order to the recommendation to cultivate in the area, the varieties that can express to the maximum, the productive and qualitative potential.For two years (2019 - 2020), within S.C. Primagrimar SRL Poiana Mare, Dolj were grown wheat varieties: MIRANDA, OTILIA - Romanian varieties and AVENUE, SORRIAL - French varieties. Regarding the obtained production, the Miranda variety registered the average value of 7800 kg / ha, and the Sorrial and Avenue varieties obtained an average production of 8050-8150 kg / ha.The high production of these French varieties is argued by the fact that they belong to the Premium group, very productive, very drought tolerant and with high ecological plasticity, with good resistance to wintering, falling, diseases and high twinning capacity, receptive to fertilizer doses, superior in terms of quality.The biological potential is very high reaching 11.000 kg / ha. Given the very high rainfall in June, when the plants reached physiological maturity, in both years of research, it was observed that foreign varieties lose their baking qualities very quickly, due to rains that "wash" gluten and reduce their hectoliter mass, which is not the case with Romanian varieties. Avenue, being extra early, was the most affected during the research period