A percep??o de professores do ensino b?sico sobre uma atividade did?tica com o conte?do de pH a ser aplicada em uma sala de aula com aluno surdo.

Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ensino de Ci?ncias, Instituto de Ci?ncias Exatas e Biol?gicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto.Com o in?cio e crescimento da discuss?o sobre a Educa??o Inclusiva, a Qu?mica, como uma ci?ncia abstrata, se mostrou um desafio ainda maior para professores. Assim, nos debru?amos no presente trabalho na constru??o de uma atividade did?tica experimental de car?ter investigativo sobre o tema pH para ser trabalhada em sala de aula com alunos surdos. Sob a vis?o de professores do Ensino B?sico, discutiu-se a validade da aplica??o dessa atividade em sala de aula e sua contribui??o para uma aprendizagem mais eficaz dos alunos surdos. A pesquisa realizada ? de natureza qualitativa e seguiu o seguinte percurso: escolha do tema; constru??o da atividade; elabora??o de uma cartilha para os professores; coleta de dados por meio de um question?rio on-line com perguntas abertas e fechadas; e uma roda de conversa tamb?m on-line. Os dados foram discutidos com o aporte da an?lise de conte?do. No total, 15 professores de institui??es p?blicas e privadas de Minas Gerais responderam ao question?rio. Como resultado, tem-se que73,3% dos participantes j? tiveram alunos surdos em sala e 60% n?o se sentem preparados para trabalhar com alunos com defici?ncia. Al?m disso, ouviram-se cr?ticas, sugest?es, dificuldades e obst?culos dos professores para, desta forma, validar a proposta feita. Assim, 85% dos respondentes disseram que a cartilha proposta trouxe informa??es relevantes para sua atua??o profissional e 64% informaram que trouxe novas informa??es. Diferentes temas tamb?m foram apontados, como: forma??o continuada; despreparo ao sair da gradua??o; maior presen?a dos alunos com defici?ncia na rede p?blica de ensino; e a dificuldade dos professores de institui??es privadas em trabalhar com estes alunos. Para 93,3% dos professores que participaram da pesquisa a atividade proposta ? v?lida no trabalho com alunos surdos. Diante disso, buscou-se fomentar as pesquisas na ?rea de inclus?o de surdos na Qu?mica, acreditando que trabalhos como este possam incentivar a presen?a dos alunos com defici?ncia no Ensino B?sico regular, bem como colaborar com os professores que buscam apoio e forma??o para atuar de forma efetiva por uma Educa??o Inclusiva.With the beginning and growth of the discussion on Inclusive Education, Chemistry, as an abstract science, proved to be an even greater challenge for teachers. Thus, we focus on the present work in the construction of an experimental didactic activity of an investigative character on the pH theme to be worked on in the classroom with deaf students. According to the view of Basic Education teachers, the accuracy of the application of this activity in the classroom and its contribution to a more effective learning of deaf students was discussed.The research carried out is of a qualitative nature and was used the following path: choice of theme; construction of the activity; elaboration of a booklet for teachers; data collection through an online questionnaire with discursive and multiple choice questions; and an online conversation group. The data were discussed with the contribution of the content analysis. In total, 15 teachers from public and private institutions in Minas Gerais answered the questionnaire. As a result, 73.3% of the participants have already had deaf students in their classroom and 60% do not feel prepared to work with students with disabilities. In addition, criticism, suggestions, difficulties and obstacles from teachers were heard in order to validate the proposal. Thus, 85% of respondents said that the proposed booklet brought relevant information to their professional performance and 64% reported that it brought new information. Different topics were also pointed out, such as: continuing education; unpreparedness when leaving graduation; greater presence of students with disabilities in the public school system; and the difficulty of teachers from private institutions in working with these students. For 93.3% of the teachers who participated of the research, the proposed activity is valid when working with deaf students. Therefore, we sought to encourage research in the area of inclusion of deaf people in Chemistry, believing that works like this can encourage the presence of students with disabilities in regular Basic Education, as well as collaborate with teachers who seek for support and training to act effectively for Inclusive Education

Spillover events of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 (recombinant GI.4P-GI.2) from Lagomorpha to Eurasian badger

Rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) is a major threat to domestic and wild European rabbits. Presently, in Europe, the disease is caused mainly by Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2/b or Lagovirus europaeus GI.2), the origin of which is still unclear, as no RHDV2 reservoir hosts were identified. After the RHDV2 emergence in 2010, viral RNA was detected in a few rodent species. Furthermore, RHDV2 was found to cause disease in some hare species resembling the disease in rabbits, evidencing the ability of the virus to cross the species barrier. In this study, through molecular, histopathologic, antigenic and morphological evidences, we demonstrate the presence and replication of RHDV2 in Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) found dead in the district of Santarém, Portugal, between March 2017 and January 2020. In two of these seven animals, we further classify the RHDV2 as a Lagovirus europaeus recombinant GI.4P‐GI.2. Our results indicate that Meles meles is susceptible to RHDV2, developing systemic infection, and excreting the virus in the faeces. Given the high viral loads seen in several organs and matrices, we believe that transmission to the wild rabbit is likely. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy data shows the presence of Calicivirus compatible virions in the nucleus of hepatocytes, which has not been demonstrated before and constitutes a paradigm shift for caliciviruses’s replication cycle

Pleuroamniotic shunting--case report

Fetal hydrothorax refers to a collection of fluid within the fetal thorax that may be the result of chylous leak from the thoracic duct (primary hydrothorax) or generalized fluid retention associated with immune or no immune fetal hydrops (secondary hydrothorax). The authors' presents a case report occurred in 2002, of a pregnant woman that at 25 weeks' gestation that was referred to Maternidade Bissaya-Barreto-Coimbra because of a fetal hydrothorax at left, under tension and with cardiac decompensation signs. A fetal thoracocentesis was performed and the diagnosis was chylothorax. Because of a rapid reaccumulation of fluid a pleuroamniotic shunt was placed. The effusion and the cardiac decompensation signs regressed. The delivery was at 38 weeks' gestation. The newborn had been stable. Actually he has 10 months, is healthy and has a normal grow and development

Development of a Core outcome set for fetal Myelomeningocele (COSMiC): study protocol

BACKGROUND: Open spina bifida (OSB) is one of the most common congenital central nervous system defects and leads to long-term physical and cognitive disabilities. Open fetal surgery for OSB improves neurological outcomes and reduces the need for ventriculoperitoneal shunting, compared to postnatal surgery, but is associated with a significant risk of prematurity and maternal morbidity. Fetoscopic surgery comes with less maternal morbidity, yet the question remains whether the procedure is neuroprotective and reduces prematurity. Comparison of outcomes between different treatment options is challenging due to inconsistent outcome reporting. We aim to develop and disseminate a core outcome set (COS) for fetal OSB, to ensure that outcomes relevant to all stakeholders are collected and reported in a standardised fashion in future studies. METHODS: The COS will be developed using a validated Delphi methodology. A systematic literature review will be performed to identify outcomes previously reported for prenatally diagnosed OSB. We will assess maternal (primary and subsequent pregnancies), fetal, neonatal and childhood outcomes until adolescence. In a second phase, we will conduct semi-structured interviews with stakeholders, to ensure representation of additional relevant outcomes that may not have been reported in the literature. We will include patients and parents, as well as health professionals involved in the care of these pregnancies and children (fetal medicine specialists, fetal surgeons, neonatologists/paediatricians and allied health). Subsequently, an international group of key stakeholders will rate the importance of the identified outcomes using three sequential online rounds of a modified Delphi Survey. Final agreement on outcomes to be included in the COS, their definition and measurement will be achieved through a face-to-face consensus meeting with all stakeholder groups. Dissemination of the final COS will be ensured through different media and relevant societies. DISCUSSION: Development and implementation of a COS for fetal OSB will ensure consistent outcome reporting in future clinical trials, systematic reviews and clinical practice guidelines. This will lead to higher quality research, better evidence-based clinical practice and ultimately improved maternal, fetal and long-term childhood outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42018104880 . Registered on December 5, 2018. Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET): 1187

Quantification of methylmercury and geochemistry of mercury in sediments from a contaminated area of Descoberto (MG), Brazil.

In 2002, metallic Hg was found buried in a rural area of Descoberto city, Brazil. The origin of the Hg was a gold mining explotation plant established nearly one century ago. Although a number of studies have been conducted in order to assess the contamination of the area, none of them investigated the presence of methylated Hg in the hydric system. In this work methylmercury (CH3Hg?) was determined using gas chromatography-pyrolysis-atomic fluorescence detection (CG-pyro-AFS) in material from rain sedimentation boxes and stream sediments near the contaminated area. Total Hg concentration (HgT) along with the chemical speciation by thermo-desorption were performed. HgT in material from the sedimentation boxes was found to be very high, up to 41,580 mg kg 1, even in the rainy season, when in general HgT were much lower than in dry season. The samples from the Grama and Rico streams show a range of HgT from 5.8 to 266 mg kg 1. The thermo-desorption analysis showed predominance of Hg2?, possibly linked to organic sulfur, suggested by a good positive correlation between Hg2?, HgT, organic mater (OM) and total S. The CH3Hg? concentration in stream sediment samples ranged from <0.07 to 1.87 mg kg 1 and in the samples of sedimentation boxes the concentrations were 1.33 and 8.0 mg kg 1 during dry season. The sample with the highest percentage of HgT as Hg2? (98%) presented also the highest percentage of CH3Hg? (0.7%). These are high values, showing that care should be taken to avoid the transport of this material to the hydrological system. Further studies on the transfer through the food chain would be very important

Tracking the Origin of a Rabbit Haemorrhagic Virus 2 Outbreak in a Wild Rabbit Breeding Centre in Portugal; Epidemiological and Genetic Investigation

As key prey, the wild rabbit downsize constitutes a major drawback on the endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) re-introduction in the Iberia. Several captive breeding units mostly located in Alentejo, endeavour the wild rabbit repopulation of depleted areas assigned for the lynx re-introduction. Here we report an RHDV2 outbreak that occurred in early 2016 in a wild rabbit captive breeding unit located in Barrancos municipality. The estimated mortality rate between March and April 2016 was approximately 8.67%. Anatomopathologic examination was carried out for 13 victimized rabbits. Molecular characterization was based on the complete vp60 capsid gene. The 13 rabbit carcasses investigated showed typical macroscopic RHD lesions testing positive to RHDV2- RNA. Comparison of the vp60 nucleotide sequences obtained from two specimens with others publically available disclosed similarities below 98.22% with RHDV2 strains originated in the Iberia and Azores and revealed that the two identical strains from Barrancos-2016 contain six unique single synonymous nucleotide polymorphisms. In the phylogenetic analysis performed, the Barrancos-2016 strains clustered apart from other known strains, meaning they may represent new evolutionary RHDV2 lineages. No clear epidemiological link could be traced for this outbreak where the mortalities were lower compared with previous years. Yet, network analysis suggested a possible connection between the missing intermediates from which the strains from Barrancos 2013, 2014 and 2016 have derived. It is therefore possible that RHDV2 has circulated endemically in the region since 2012, with periodic epizootic occurrences. Still, six years after its emergence in wild rabbits, RHDV2 continues to pose difficulties to the establishment of natural wild rabbit populations that are crucial for the self-sustainability of the local ecosystems

MiR-155 has a protective role in the development of non-alcoholic hepatosteatosis in mice

Hepatic steatosis is a global epidemic that is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. MicroRNAs (miRs) are regulators that can functionally integrate a range of metabolic and inflammatory pathways in liver. We aimed to investigate the functional role of miR-155 in hepatic steatosis. Male C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and miR-155−/− mice were fed either normal chow or high fat diet (HFD) for 6 months then lipid levels, metabolic and inflammatory parameters were assessed in livers and serum of the mice. Mice lacking endogenous miR-155 that were fed HFD for 6 months developed increased hepatic steatosis compared to WT controls. This was associated with increased liver weight and serum VLDL/LDL cholesterol and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels, as well as increased hepatic expression of genes involved in glucose regulation (Pck1, Cebpa), fatty acid uptake (Cd36) and lipid metabolism (Fasn, Fabp4, Lpl, Abcd2, Pla2g7). Using miRNA target prediction algorithms and the microarray transcriptomic profile of miR-155−/− livers, we identified and validated that Nr1h3 (LXRα) as a direct miR-155 target gene that is potentially responsible for the liver phenotype of miR-155−/− mice. Together these data indicate that miR-155 plays a pivotal role regulating lipid metabolism in liver and that its deregulation may lead to hepatic steatosis in patients with diabetes