Value of hydroalcoholic treatment of rapeseed for oil extraction and protein enrichment☆

This study investigated alternative solvents: ethanol and isopropanol, to replace hexane and enhance the quality and value of oil and meal. Rapeseed oil extraction was carried out using ethanol (92 wt.% or 96 wt.%), isopropanol (84 wt.% or 88 wt.%) or hexane (as reference). Results show that hydroalcoholic extraction increased meal protein content by 13% compared to hexane extraction, but without significant influence of alcohol and water content. However, increasing water content improved glucosinolate extractability. Isopropanol 84 wt.% eliminated most glucosinolates from the seeds, decreasing glucosinolate concentration by 49–73% compared to meals extracted by the other alcohols

Hot ethanol extraction: economic feasibility of a new and green process

A new extraction process using ethanol at a temperature above boiling point is assessed from an economic point of view. The study was based on an assessment of the main operating costs adjusted by Lang’s factor. Operating costs were assessed based on energy consumption calculated using a model of the process developed from experimental results, and for a hypothetical unit with a 160 000 t/year rapeseed crushing capacity. The processing cost was estimated at 47.4 € per ton of processed seed. Amortization represented 35% of this cost, energy 32% and manpower 10%. Uncertainty about investment is the main factor that could lead to significant error in this cost, but this uncertainty could be offset by an adjustment of the amortization duration, most of the equipment being durable. Profit generated by the process relies principally on a better valuation of the meal: higher value comes from higher protein content and quality on the market for GM-free high protein feedstuffs. Oil quality is also improved by a lower oleic acidity, low phospholipid content and pigment concentration. This gain was estimated at 2.5% of the crude oil value. Unlike the conventional hexane process, hot ethanol extraction produces molasses in small proportions. Molasses value was set at 70% of corn price. The process profitability appears sufficiently positive to justify further research to test the hypothesis underlying our model. The main uncertainty lies in the performance of the process in real conditions of counter-flow extraction and solvent regeneration

Combinaison innovante de traitements électriques et physico-chimiques pour améliorer la déshydratation mécanique de suspensions et boues d'origines industrielles et urbaines

COMPIEGNE-BU (601592101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Improvement of sludge electrodewatering by anode flushing

An improvement of the sludge electrodewatering process is proposed: the anode flushing by filtrate recirculation. According to this technique, the mixture of filtrates obtained at cathode and anode sides, is used for continuous flushing of anode chamber of the filter press during electrodewatering. The anode flushing is aimed to eliminate essential problems of electrodewatering: ohmic heating, rise of electric energy consumption, electrodes corrosion, and filtrate contamination. This is attained by better control of the filtrate pH, the filter cake temperature and the dryness at anode side, where the physicochemical conditions are most aggressive. The efficiency of the proposed technique is evaluated at lab scale on drilling sludge electrodewatering with and without anode flushing. In experiments without anode flushing, increasing of electric current density caused strong increase of anodetemperature, desiccation of the filter cake at anode side, rise of voltage and significant alkaline contamination of filtrate. The application of anode flushing allowed controlling the electric field strength and the temperature. Thus, the dewatering of the sludge has been extended at high electric field without damaging the filter equipment by drastic heating. Furthermore, it reduced the filtrate contamination by neutralization of theelectrolysis products

Hull content and chemical composition of whole seeds, hulls and germs in cultivars of rapeseed (

Objective: To study of the compositional breakdown of seed components between the integument and the germ and its variability according to genetic and environmental factors. Methods: The study used 19 rapeseed lots grown in two areas of contrasted agronomical potential harvested in 2011. Pure fractions of hulls and germs were mechanically separated by centrifuge impacts after freezing the seeds. Chemical composition of the whole seeds and the pure kernel and hull fractions was determined. The results were used to calculate the seed hull content. Results: Hull accounted for 18.2% of total seed content. Real oil content of the hulls (8.4% dry basis) was lower than in the literature. Hulls contained 2.9% of the oil, 11.2% of the proteins, 73% of the NDF; 80% of the ADF, 95% of the lignin and 6.0% of the glucosinolates of the whole seed. The percentage of hulls in total seed content shows low variability, although the oil and the protein content of the fractions were significantly affected by cultivar and to a lesser extent by geographic location of the crops. Conclusion: Completely dehulled seeds could result in a meal with 48.3% protein (dry basis) and low fiber content (10.8% NDF, 6.6% ADF, 0.5% ADL) but higher glucosinolate content (130% compared to defatted seeds)

Hull content and chemical composition of whole seeds, hulls and germs in cultivars of rapeseed (Brassica napus)

Objective: To study of the compositional breakdown of seed components between the integument and the germ and its variability according to genetic and environmental factors. Methods: The study used 19 rapeseed lots grown in two areas of contrasted agronomical potential harvested in 2011. Pure fractions of hulls and germs were mechanically separated by centrifuge impacts after freezing the seeds. Chemical composition of the whole seeds and the pure kernel and hull fractions was determined. The results were used to calculate the seed hull content. Results: Hull accounted for 18.2% of total seed content. Real oil content of the hulls (8.4% dry basis) was lower than in the literature. Hulls contained 2.9% of the oil, 11.2% of the proteins, 73% of the NDF; 80% of the ADF, 95% of the lignin and 6.0% of the glucosinolates of the whole seed. The percentage of hulls in total seed content shows low variability, although the oil and the protein content of the fractions were significantly affected by cultivar and to a lesser extent by geographic location of the crops. Conclusion: Completely dehulled seeds could result in a meal with 48.3% protein (dry basis) and low fiber content (10.8% NDF, 6.6% ADF, 0.5% ADL) but higher glucosinolate content (130% compared to defatted seeds)

Value of hydroalcoholic treatment of rapeseed for oil extraction and protein enrichment

This study investigated alternative solvents: ethanol and isopropanol, to replace hexane and enhance the quality and value of oil and meal. Rapeseed oil extraction was carried out using ethanol (92 wt.% or 96 wt.%), isopropanol (84 wt.% or 88 wt.%) or hexane (as reference). Results show that hydroalcoholic extraction increased meal protein content by 13% compared to hexane extraction, but without significant influence of alcohol and water content. However, increasing water content improved glucosinolate extractability. Isopropanol 84 wt.% eliminated most glucosinolates from the seeds, decreasing glucosinolate concentration by 49–73% compared to meals extracted by the other alcohols

A re-examination of the technical feasibility and economic viability of rapeseed dehulling

The recent success of dehulled sunflower meals on the French market encourages reconsideration of the possibility of applying dehulling techniques to rapeseed. Hulls account for 18−20% of rapeseed mass; they contain mostly fibres (72%, 78% and 99%, respectively of the seeds’ NDF, ADF and ADL). Complete removal of these hulls would result in a high (43%) protein meal with enhanced added value. However, the technical feasibility of producing such a meal is impeded by the relatively high oil content of the hull fraction. This article presents a model of mass balance that takes account both of the purity of the “hull” and “kernel” fractions and comparisons of gross margins between conventional processing and dehulling-based processing. The value of dehulled rapeseed meal is assessed against both a range of market scenarios and the composition and price of a selection of alternative feeds. The gross margin differential favours dehulling only in periods where proteins are expensive and oil relatively cheap, as at present. Reducing the oil content of the hulls affects considerably the profitability of dehulling whereas modification of the protein content has only a modest impact. An important unknown is the effect of antinutritional factors on the final price of dehulled meals. Management of the glucosinolates residues through processing might decrease their noxiousness though the information on this is scant. Since this lack of knowledge is an impediment to the implementation of dehulling technology, research and development investments should start by addressing this question. Technical solutions could be developed to recover the oil contained in the hulls. Such solutions include expelling, aqueous extraction or tail-end dehulling after direct extraction of the seeds

A re-examination of the technical feasibility and economic viability of rapeseed dehulling

The recent success of dehulled sunflower meals on the French market encourages reconsideration of the possibility of applying dehulling techniques to rapeseed. Hulls account for 18−20% of rapeseed mass; they contain mostly fibres (72%, 78% and 99%, respectively of the seeds’ NDF, ADF and ADL). Complete removal of these hulls would result in a high (43%) protein meal with enhanced added value. However, the technical feasibility of producing such a meal is impeded by the relatively high oil content of the hull fraction. This article presents a model of mass balance that takes account both of the purity of the “hull” and “kernel” fractions and comparisons of gross margins between conventional processing and dehulling-based processing. The value of dehulled rapeseed meal is assessed against both a range of market scenarios and the composition and price of a selection of alternative feeds. The gross margin differential favours dehulling only in periods where proteins are expensive and oil relatively cheap, as at present. Reducing the oil content of the hulls affects considerably the profitability of dehulling whereas modification of the protein content has only a modest impact. An important unknown is the effect of antinutritional factors on the final price of dehulled meals. Management of the glucosinolates residues through processing might decrease their noxiousness though the information on this is scant. Since this lack of knowledge is an impediment to the implementation of dehulling technology, research and development investments should start by addressing this question. Technical solutions could be developed to recover the oil contained in the hulls. Such solutions include expelling, aqueous extraction or tail-end dehulling after direct extraction of the seeds

Hull content and chemical composition of whole seeds, hulls and germs in cultivars of rapeseed ( Brassica napus

Objective: To study of the compositional breakdown of seed components between the integument and the germ and its variability according to genetic and environmental factors. Methods: The study used 19 rapeseed lots grown in two areas of contrasted agronomical potential harvested in 2011. Pure fractions of hulls and germs were mechanically separated by centrifuge impacts after freezing the seeds. Chemical composition of the whole seeds and the pure kernel and hull fractions was determined. The results were used to calculate the seed hull content. Results: Hull accounted for 18.2% of total seed content. Real oil content of the hulls (8.4% dry basis) was lower than in the literature. Hulls contained 2.9% of the oil, 11.2% of the proteins, 73% of the NDF; 80% of the ADF, 95% of the lignin and 6.0% of the glucosinolates of the whole seed. The percentage of hulls in total seed content shows low variability, although the oil and the protein content of the fractions were significantly affected by cultivar and to a lesser extent by geographic location of the crops. Conclusion: Completely dehulled seeds could result in a meal with 48.3% protein (dry basis) and low fiber content (10.8% NDF, 6.6% ADF, 0.5% ADL) but higher glucosinolate content (130% compared to defatted seeds)