Arthritis Caused by Staphylococci in Avian Youth

During 2010, from a poultry farm in Transylvania, 12 articulation samples were received from youth avian chicken egg farm where the disease has progressed sporadically at 2 different series in the form of arthritis, initially unilateral and later bilateral. Classical bacteriological techniques made towards mycoplasmosis was negative while from all the samples were isolated strains of Staphylococcus spp. Isolates from both first and the second episode of disease were framed after examination properties using the API Staph biochemical galleries in the species Staphylococcus intermedius. Following testing the strains susceptibility to antibiotics (diffusimetrical technique) was found that they are sensitive to: Penicillin, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Enroxil, Floron, Thiamphenicol, Linco-Spectin, Pristinamycine, Tetracycline, Oxacillin, Ceftiofur and resistant to Methicillin

Researches Concerning the Sensibility to Neomycin of Some Bacterial Strains Isolated from Chicken

In this study we aimed to determine neomycin effect on Gram negative bacterial strains of the species Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp, Proteus spp and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from chickens with different diseases. Sensitivity to neomycin was also appreciated for standard reference strains: Bacillus anthracis 1190 R, Staphylococcus aureus 6538P, Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, E. coli ATCC 10536 and Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076. The experiment took place at the department of Microbiology of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca within October 2010 - March 2011, realizing the sensitivity tests to neomycin using the diffusimetric method. After testing a total of 33 bacterial strains, the resistance to neomycin was observed for 3 species (Escherichia, Proteus and Klebsiella) while for genus Salmonella no resistant strains were registered. Neomycin resistance was of 20% for strains of Escherichia, 25% for Proteus and 33.3% in those from genus Klebsiella. Sensitivity percentage of the tested strains ranged between 25% and 66.6%. Percentage of moderate sensitive strains ranged from 0 to 50%. Of the 6 standard reference strains tested, one was classified as sensitive (Staphylococcus aureus 6538P), three resistant (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, E. coli ATCC 10536 and Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076) and two moderate sensitive (Bacillus anthracis 1190 R and Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579). The results obtained reveals that resistance to neomycin for the strains isolated from chickens varied from one bacterial species to another. Infections involving Escherichia coli, Proteus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae should be considered more carefully, neomycin being recommended for the treatment only when the outbreak strains were tested and classified as sensitive to this antibiotic

The Report of a Furunculosis Case at Trout Produced by a Strain of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes

The bacteriological examination conducted on 10 counts of trout belonging to a trout farm bordering Cluj county, led to the isolation of atypical strains of Aeromonas salmonicida (A. salmonicida subsp. achromogenes). This subspecie is isolated for the first time in our area of activity and it was identified with the help of API 20 E galleries and through some supplementary tests like: catalyses test, oxidase test, insemination at 25° and 37°C, the mobility test and hemolytic activity. The isolated strain of A. salmonicida subsp. achromogenes was sensitive to: Enrofloxacin, Florfenicol, Nalidixic acid., Oxytetracycline, resistant to Erythromycin, Amoxicillin Clavulanate and Lincomycin

The Behavior of Candida spp. Strains Isolated from Different Animal Species to Antifungal Drugs

A total number of 28 Candida spp. strains isolated from: cow, man, dog and pigeon from a total of 29 samples processed during the years 2008-2011 in the Microbiology Laboratory of the FVM Cluj-Napoca were examined.Candida spp. strains isolated from dogs suffering from chronic otitis and pharyngeal exudates were sensitive to Ketoconazole, Miconazole and Nystatin. The dog with diffuse alopecia was observed resistance to miconazole.In humans, strains isolated from pharyngeal exudate were sensitive to Nystatin and Miconazole but resistant to Ketoconazole and Fluorocytosine, while in case of the strains isolated from cases of urinary infections antifungal sensitivity varied from case to case (case 1: Miconazole, Nystatin, Ketoconazole, Itraconazole = sensitive, Cotrimoxazole = resistant; case 2: Nystatin = sensitive, ketoconazole, Miconazole, Itraconazole and Cotrimoxazole = resistant.In case of Candida spp. chronic mastitis, sensitivity of the strains was variable from an outbreak of disease to another, in some outbreaks isolates were only sensitive to Nystatin but resistant to Miconazole, Cotrimoxazole, Fluorocytosine, Ketoconazole and Itraconazole, while the others were only sensitive to Miconazole and in others to both. In all cases studied the resistance to Cotrimoxazole, Fluorocytosine, Ketoconazole and Itraconazole was mantained

Susceptibilty Testing of Candida spp. Strains to Ketoconazole Using Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Strip Test

Candida spp. infections in animals are becoming problematic and very frequent in the last decades. Antimycotic treatment is usually successful, but recently common cases of resistance are recorded. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test strips is a quantitative assay for determining the MIC of antimicrobial agents against microorganisms to indicate appropriate patient treatment and for identifying resistance patterns.The aim of this paper was the susceptibility testing of Candida strains isolated from animals in the area of Cluj-Napoca to ketoconazole, using MIC strip technique.Materials and methods: A total number of twenty-three Candida spp. strains isolated from both humans and animals were suspended in saline, and 1 ml of the resulted suspension (0.5 McFarland scale) was used to flood the Sabouraud Dextrose agar Petri dish. The suspension was then removed and the strip was placed in the middle of the plate. The incubation was performed at 28°C for 48 hours. When the strip is applied onto an inoculated agar surface, the preformed exponential gradient of antimicrobial agent is transferred into the agar matrix.The MIC is read directly from the scale in terms of μg/ml, at the point where the edge of the inhibition ellipse intersects with the MIC Test Strip. MIC for the 23 Candida spp. tested strains varied between 0.002 and 8 μg/ml, with an average of 3.6 μg/ml.Susceptibility testing of 23 Candida spp. isolates from Cluj-Napoca area to ketoconazole using the MIC strips is an accurate, simple, fast and accessible quantitative method, recommend for diagnostic in microbiological laboratories.Â

The Effect of Iodine Based Products on Unicellular Algae from Genus Prototheca

Introduction. Iodine based products have been and are still used in medicine as disinfectant or antiseptic substances, because of their bactericidal, sporicidal, protocidal and disinfection effect. Algaecide effect has been less studied and represents a strong motivation for this study. Aim. This paper is aiming to test the sensitivity to iodine based products of unicellular algae of the genus Prototheca. Such products might be used for the treatment of diseases involving these pathogens.Materials and methods. A total number of twenty-two Prototheca zopfii strains isolated from cows with mastitis or bovine shelters, were tested within this study. The algal strains were identified based on morphological characteristics (shape, size, presence of endospores), cultural (liquid and solid media characteristics) and biochemical (fermentation of sugars). Prototheca wickerhamii ATCC 16529 reference strain was also included in the evaluation. Iodinated products used were represented by: Lugol solution, iodine tincture, betadine, videne and potassium iodide. Determination of the inhibitory effect was measured by diffusion technique in agarose gel and by liquid medium dilution method. For the tincture of iodine and betadine, the inhibitory effect was also appreciated in relation with the time of contact (5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 minutes).Results. By the agar diffusion technique, it was found that inhibition zones varying sizes were correlated with the composition of those products. For the 22 Prototheca zopfii tested strains, the size of inhibition areas was within the following values (average diameter): iodine tincture 25.71 mm, betadine 26.4 mm, videne 25.61 mm, Lugol’s solution 11.33 mm and potassium iodide 11.14 mm. For Prototheca wickerhamii strain inhibition areas had the following values: betadine 26 mm, iodine tincture 24 mm, videne 24 mm, Lugol’s solution 10 mm, potassium iodine 14 mm. In case of different contact times meant to establish the algaecide effect - occurred in the first 5 minutes of contact, for both iodine tincture and betadine.Conclusion. Iodine based products tested showed inhibitory effect on algal strains. The best efficacy was found for betadine and iodine tincture (pharmaceutical/commercial products). The inhibitory effect occurs in the first 5 minutes of contact. There was no resistance phenomenon nor the presence of resistant colonies in the inhibition zones.Â

Considerations Regarding the Antimicrobial Effect of Procid and Procid Forte Biocide Products

Procid and Procid forte products are containing two biocide substances (glutaraldehyd and didecyl-dimethyl ammonium chloride) with inhibitory action on Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria, viruses, fungi and unicellular algae. The products are recommended in the veterinary practice for microbial disinfection of various surfaces. The antimicrobial effect was tested for the following microorganism types: Gram negative bacteria: Salmonella sp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas pyocianea, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Neisseria polysacharea; Gram positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus anthracis (tulpina vaccinală 1190 R), Bacillus laterosporus, Brevibacterium linens, Listeria monocytogenes, Erisipelothrix rhusiopathiae; microscopic fungi: Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Candida albicans; unicellular algae: Prototheca zopfii. The following reference strains of the ATTC collection were also tested: Staphylococcus aureus 6358P, Escherichia coli 10536, Pseudomonas pyocyanea 27853, Prototheca wickerhamii 16529. From both products dilutions of 1/100 and 1/200 (10 ml) were introduced in tubes and the tested culture was added (0,2 ml). Passages on culture mediums were performed after 30, 60 minutes and 24 hours, in order to test the mycrobicidal effect. All the tested strains were inhibiting by 1/100 dilution to the three contact times. At 1/200 dilution resistance was observed for Salmonella (at 30 minutes) and Pseudomonas (at 30 and 60 minutes)

Bacterial Isolates in Asio Otus and Strix Aluco Bids of Prey

Birds of prey such as long-eared owl (Asio otus) and little owl (Strix aluco) is a special category because of their direct contact with many species of wild rodents representing a vector for transmission of microbial agents in some territories. The study describes the types of bacteria isolated from long-eared owl and little owl and the sensitivity of these strains to antibiotics. The biological material was represented by Asio otus and Strix aluco adults representing casuistry from Clinical Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca during the period December 2014-April 2015. Sampling was performed from the cloaca, oral, axillary region and skin wounds. The identification of bacteria was carried out by bacteriological examinations using phenotypic techniques and thereafter isolates were tested regarding antibiotic susceptibility by disc diffusion method. Tests showed an increased amount of bacterial species in the mouth and cloaca. On the skin only a smaller number of bacteria types was isolated, while from skin wounds bacterial species number was the lowest. We observed that in most cases the type of bacteria in the oral cavity and cloaca is the same, predominantly bacteria of the genus Escherichia, Bacillus, and staphylococus. The sensitivity tests demonstrated that most tested strains were susceptible to Enrofloxacin, and Florfenicol. The antibiotic that resulted in the lowest susceptibility was Amoxicillin. This study lead to the isolation of major and conditioning pathogenic bacteria species predominantly from mucous membranes in Strix aluco and Asio otus. It was also observed a high sensitivity of the isolated bacteria strains to antibiotics currently used in birds

Antimicrobial Activity of Bee Pollen Ethanolic and Methanolic Extracts on Staphylococcus aureus Bacterial Strain

Bee pollen is consumed for api-therapeutical, nutritional and medicinal properties. These actions are attributed to its chemical composition and mostly phenolics, carotenoids, fatty acids and vitamins. For this study bee pollen was freshly harvested and immediately placed at -180C. Two different extraction solvents were used: ethanol and methanol, in three different dilutions (60, 70, 80%). 5%, 10% and 15% pollen concentration in each solvent solution were carried out to determine the most efficient variant, possessing the highest antibacterial activity, using the disc diffusion method. Stock culture of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was grown in Nutrient Broth at 37ºC for 24h in a shaker. The inhibition zones were different, according to the extraction solvent used and also the pollen concentration. Methanol extract (70%) of 15% pollen have the biggest inhibition diameter. Negative controls (methanol and ethanol) did not show an inhibitory effect on the tested bacteria, while positive control (Streptomicine) has the highest antimicrobial activity.Â

Identificatin of Some Candida Spp. Strains Isolated from Humans and Animals using Api Candida Technique

The researches were made during December 2011 - March 2012 within the MicrobiologyLaboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. A total number of 26 Candida spp. strainsisolated from both healthy and diseased animals from different animal species and humans, and 2reference strains were identified using API Candida technique. The isolates were represented by strainsfrom mastitis cow milk, feces, urine, pharyngeal exudates, rumenal liquid and strains that contamineddifferent culture medium. A total number of 12 strains (46.15%) were represented by C. albicans, 7(26.92%) by C. krusei, 3 (11.53%) by C. famata, 2 (7.63%) by C. parapsilosis, 1 (3.84%) by C. kefir and 1(3.84%) by Cryprococcus neoformans