251 research outputs found
Which Surrogate Works for Empirical Performance Modelling? A Case Study with Differential Evolution
It is not uncommon that meta-heuristic algorithms contain some intrinsic
parameters, the optimal configuration of which is crucial for achieving their
peak performance. However, evaluating the effectiveness of a configuration is
expensive, as it involves many costly runs of the target algorithm. Perhaps
surprisingly, it is possible to build a cheap-to-evaluate surrogate that models
the algorithm's empirical performance as a function of its parameters. Such
surrogates constitute an important building block for understanding algorithm
performance, algorithm portfolio/selection, and the automatic algorithm
configuration. In principle, many off-the-shelf machine learning techniques can
be used to build surrogates. In this paper, we take the differential evolution
(DE) as the baseline algorithm for proof-of-concept study. Regression models
are trained to model the DE's empirical performance given a parameter
configuration. In particular, we evaluate and compare four popular regression
algorithms both in terms of how well they predict the empirical performance
with respect to a particular parameter configuration, and also how well they
approximate the parameter versus the empirical performance landscapes
Towards A Practical High-Assurance Systems Programming Language
Writing correct and performant low-level systems code is a notoriously demanding job, even for experienced developers. To make the matter worse, formally reasoning about their correctness properties introduces yet another level of complexity to the task. It requires considerable expertise in both systems programming and formal verification. The development can be extremely costly due to the sheer complexity of the systems and the nuances in them, if not assisted with appropriate tools that provide abstraction and automation.
Cogent is designed to alleviate the burden on developers when writing and verifying systems code. It is a high-level functional language with a certifying compiler, which automatically proves the correctness of the compiled code and also provides a purely functional abstraction of the low-level program to the developer. Equational reasoning techniques can then be used to prove functional correctness properties of the program on top of this abstract semantics, which is notably less laborious than directly verifying the C code.
To make Cogent a more approachable and effective tool for developing real-world systems, we further strengthen the framework by extending the core language and its ecosystem. Specifically, we enrich the language to allow users to control the memory representation of algebraic data types, while retaining the automatic proof with a data layout refinement calculus. We repurpose existing tools in a novel way and develop an intuitive foreign function interface, which provides users a seamless experience when using Cogent in conjunction with native C. We augment the Cogent ecosystem with a property-based testing framework, which helps developers better understand the impact formal verification has on their programs and enables a progressive approach to producing high-assurance systems. Finally we explore refinement type systems, which we plan to incorporate into Cogent for more expressiveness and better integration of systems programmers with the verification process
Robust Atom Optics for Bragg Atom Interferometry
Multi-photon Bragg diffraction is a powerful method for fast, coherent
momentum transfer of atom waves. However, laser noise, Doppler detunings, and
cloud expansion limit its efficiency in large momentum transfer (LMT) pulse
sequences. We present simulation studies of robust Bragg pulses developed
through numerical quantum optimal control. Optimized pulse performance under
noise and cloud inhomogeneities is analyzed and compared to analogous Gaussian
and adiabatic rapid passage (ARP) pulses in simulated LMT Mach-Zehnder
interferometry sequences. The optimized pulses maintain robust population
transfer and phase response over a broader range of noise, resulting in
superior contrast in LMT sequences with thermal atom clouds and intensity
inhomogeneities. Large optimized LMT sequences use lower pulse area than
Gaussian pulses, making them less susceptible to spontaneous emission loss. The
optimized sequences maintain over five times better contrast with tens of
momentum separation and offers more improvement with greater LMT.
Such pulses could allow operation of Bragg atom interferometers with
unprecedented sensitivity, improved contrast, and hotter atom sources.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure
Coriolis Force Compensation and Laser Beam Delivery for 100-Meter Baseline Atom Interferometry
The Coriolis force is a significant source of systematic phase errors and
dephasing in atom interferometry and is often compensated by counter-rotating
the interferometry laser beam against Earth's rotation. We present a novel
method for performing Coriolis force compensation for long-baseline atom
interferometry which mitigates atom-beam misalignment due to beam rotation, an
effect which is magnified by the long lever arm of the baseline length. The
method involves adjustment of the angle of the interferometer beam prior to a
magnifying telescope, enabling the beam to pivot around a tunable position
along the interferometer baseline. By tuning the initial atom kinematics, and
adjusting the angle with which the interferometer beam pivots about this point,
we can ensure that the atoms align with the center of the beam during the atom
optics laser pulses. This approach will be used in the MAGIS-100 atom
interferometer and could also be applied to other long-baseline atom
interferometers. An additional challenge associated with long baseline
interferometry is that since long-baseline atom interferometers are often
located outside of typical laboratory environments, facilities constraints may
require lasers to be housed in a climate-controlled room a significant distance
away from the main experiment. Nonlinear effects in optical fibers restrict the
use of fiber-based transport of the high-power interferometry beam from the
laser room to the experiment. We present the design of and prototype data from
a laser transport system for MAGIS-100 that maintains robustness against
alignment drifts despite the absence of a long fiber
Structural diversity-guided optimization of carbazole derivatives as potential cytotoxic agents
Carbazole alkaloids, as an important class of natural products, have been widely reported to have extensive biological activities. Based on our previous three-component reaction to construct carbazole scaffolds, we introduced a methylene group to provide a rotatable bond, and designed series of carbazole derivatives with structural diversity including carbazole amide, carbazole hydrazide and carbazole hydrazone. All synthesized carbazole derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against 7901 (gastric adenocarcinoma), A875 (human melanoma) and MARC145 (African green monkey kidney) cell lines. The preliminary results indicated that compound 14a exhibited high inhibitory activities on 7901 and A875 cancer cells with the lowest IC50 of 11.8 ± 1.26 and 9.77 ± 8.32 μM, respectively, which might be the new lead compound for discovery of novel carbazole-type anticancer agents
Maintaining human fetal pancreatic stellate cell function and proliferation require β1 integrin and collagen I matrix interactions
Pancreatic stellate cells (PaSCs) are cells that are located around the acinar, ductal, and vasculature tissue of the rodent and human pancreas, and are responsible for regulating extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover and maintaining the architecture of pancreatic tissue. This study examines the contributions of integrin receptor signaling in human PaSC function and survival. Human PaSCs were isolated from pancreata collected during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy and identified by expression of stellate cell markers, ECM proteins and associated growth factors. Multiple integrins are found in isolated human PaSCs, with high levels of β1, a3 and a5. Cell adhesion and migration assays demonstrated that human PaSCs favour collagen I matrix, which enhanced PaSC proliferation and increased TGFβ1, CTGF and a3β1 integrin. Significant activation of FAK/ERK and AKT signaling pathways, and up-regulation of cyclin D1 protein levels, were observed within PaSCs cultured on collagen I matrix. Blocking β1 integrin significantly decreased PaSC adhesion, migration and proliferation, further complementing the aforementioned findings. This study demonstrates that interaction of β1 integrin with collagen I is required for the proliferation and function of human fetal PaSCs, which may contribute to the biomedical engineering of the ECM microenvironment needed for the efficient regulation of pancreatic development
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