Interview by Chau, Carmen Kar Man

Mr. Chau is my granddad and we had talked over the topics on his education, wartime and his attitude towards physical publishment. He was borned in 1932, and now is 67 years old. He attended the primary school when he was 11 years old and had studied for one and a half years. Besides, he had studied the Red Book for 2 years. During the lessons, he had to recite The Three Character Classic and Thousand Character Classic and then copied them for at least twice times. If he couldn\u27t do it, his teacher would hit his head that was the old Chinese studying way of Pop Pop Chai . During the Sino-Japanese was, the life was very hard. There was the shortage of rice, he had to eaten all the sweet potatoes first. And he believed that the Japanese Army would not boom the Hong Kong citizens, but for the British Army. In his childhood, he experienced from the physical punishment. So he can learn that it was not the effective way to reach children what is right by scolding and hitting. It is important to let the children have a chance for corretions, as the proverb, It\u27s never too late to mend

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data