Contact of a spherical probe with a stretched rubber substrate

We report on a theoretical and experimental investigation of the normal contact of stretched neo-Hookean substrates with rigid spherical probes. Starting from a published formulation of surface Green's function for incremental displacements on a pre-stretched, neo-Hookean, substrate (L.H. Lee \textit{J. Mech. Phys. Sol.} \textbf{56} (2008) 2957-2971), a model is derived for both adhesive and non-adhesive contacts. The shape of the elliptical contact area together with the contact load and the contact stiffness are predicted as a function of the in-plane stretch ratios $\lambda_x$ and $\lambda_y$ of the substrate. The validity of this model is assessed by contact experiments carried out using an uniaxally stretched silicone rubber. for stretch ratio below about 1.25, a good agreement is observed between theory and experiments. Above this threshold, some deviations from the theoretical prediction are induced as a result of the departure of the mechanical response of the silicone rubber from the neo-Hokeean description embedded in the model

Elastic contact to nearly incompressible coatings -- Stiffness enhancement and elastic pile-up

We have recently proposed an efficient computation method for the frictionless linear elastic axisymmetric contact of coated bodies [A. Perriot and E. Barthel, J. Mat. Res. 19 (2004) 600]. Here we give a brief description of the approach. We also discuss implications of the results for the instrumented indentation data analysis of coated materials. Emphasis is laid on incompressible or nearly incompressible materials (Poisson ratio $\nu>0.4$): we show that the contact stiffness rises much more steeply with contact radius than for more compressible materials and significant elastic pile-up is evidenced. In addition the dependence of the penetration upon contact radius increasingly deviates from the homogeneous reference case when the Poisson ratio increases. As a result, this algorithm may be helpful in instrumented indentation data analysis on soft and nearly incompressible layers

Adhesive contact of model randomly rough rubber surfaces

We study experimentally and theoretically the equilibrium adhesive contact between a smooth glass lens and a rough rubber surface textured with spherical microasperities with controlled height and spatial distributions. Measurements of the real contact area $A$ versus load $P$ are performed under compression by imaging the light transmitted at the microcontacts. $A(P)$ is found to be non-linear and to strongly depend on the standard deviation of the asperity height distribution. Experimental results are discussed in the light of a discrete version of Fuller and Tabor's (FT) original model (\textit{Proceedings of the Royal Society A} \textbf{345} (1975) 327), which allows to take into account the elastic coupling arising from both microasperities interactions and curvature of the glass lens. Our experimental data on microcontact size distributions are well captured by our discrete extended model. We show that the elastic coupling arising from the lens curvature has a significant contribution to the $A(P)$ relationship. Our discrete model also clearly shows that the adhesion-induced effect on $A$ remains significant even for vanishingly small pull-off forces. Last, at the local asperity length scale, our measurements show that the pressure dependence of the microcontacts density can be simply described by the original FT model

Role of uncrosslinked chains in droplets dynamics on silicone elastomers

We report an unexpected behavior in wetting dynamics on soft silicone substrates: the dynamics of aqueous droplets deposited on vertical plates of such elastomers exhibits two successive speed regimes. This macroscopic observation is found to be closely related to microscopic phenomena occurring at the scale of the polymer network: we show that uncrosslinked chains found in most widely used commercial silicone elastomers are responsible for this surprising behavior. A direct visualization of the uncrosslinked oligomers collected by water droplets is performed, evidencing that a capillarity-induced phase separation occurs: uncrosslinked oligomers are extracted from the silicone elastomer network by the water-glycerol mixture droplet. The sharp speed change is shown to coincide with an abrupt transition in surface tension of the droplets, when a critical surface concentration in uncrosslinked oligomer chains is reached. We infer that a droplet shifts to a second regime with a faster speed when it is completely covered with a homogeneous oil film

Weak non-linearities of amorphous polymer under creep

The creep behavior of an amorphous poly(etherimide) (PEI) polymer is investigated in the vicinity of its glass transition in a weakly non linear regime where the acceleration of the creep response is driven by local configurational rearrangements. From the time shifts of the creep compliance curves under increasing applied stresses in the range 1-15~\si{\mega\pascal}, we determine a macroscopic acceleration factor. At the start of creep, the stress is homogeneous and the macroscopic acceleration can be assimilated to that of the local rearrangements which is shown to vary as $f=e^{-(\sigma/Y)^n}$ with $n=2 \pm 0.2$, where $\sigma$ is the local stress and $Y$ is a decreasing function of compliance. This experimental result is in agreement with the recent theory of Long \textit{et al.} (\textit{Phys. Rev. Mat.} (2018) \textbf{2}, 105601 ) which predicts $n=2$. From a mean field approximation, we interpret the variation of $Y$ with compliance as the result of the development of stress heterogneities during creep

Comportement viscoelastique et tenue en fatigue statique de composites verre/epoxy. Influence du vieillissement hydrothermique

SIGLEAvailable from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : T 79736 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Frottement et adhésion d’élastomères dans des contacts en torsion

Les interactions entre adhésion et frottement sont un sujet encore largement ouvert en Tribologie. Ces phénomènes interviennent de façon cruciale lors de la mise en frottement – ou striction – de contacts mettant en jeu des élastomères. Nous avons récemment développé une approche expérimentale permettant d’appréhender ces phénomènes à partir d’une mesure du champ de cisaillement local à l’interface. Par imagerie de contacts formés entre un élastomère et une lentille en verre, nous avons pu obtenir une mesure spatialement très résolue du champ de déplacement induit par des sollicitations mécaniques. L’inversion de ce champ de déplacement par des théories de mécanique du contact élastique fournit alors le champ de cisaillement correspondant à l’interface. Cette méthodologie a été appliquée à une configuration originale de contact en torsion permettant l’étude de la rupture d’adhésion dans des conditions de mode III pur plus simples à analyser que les modes mixtes inhérents au glissement linéaire. Les observations révèlent que la rupture de l’adhésion met en jeu la propagation d’une zone de micro-glissement de la périphérie vers le centre du contact. L’analyse des champs de cisaillement au niveau de la zone de fracture séparant les domaines adhésif et frottant permet de discuter des effets de l’adhésion. Les résultats expérimentaux seront discutés en s’appuyant sur un modèle de zone cohésive intégrant les effets du frottement