Scientific integrity: Revisiting the concept

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Elaboração de pães formulados com sorgo.

O sorgo é uma excelente fonte de compostos bioativos, os quais podem trazer benefícios à saúde, além de ser fonte de fibras. Este trabalho objetivou elaborar pães utilizando farinhas de arroz, trigo e sorgo, caracterizá-los quanto à composição centesimal e determinar a aceitabilidade através de avaliação sensorial. Foram desenvolvidas quatro formulações de pães. Dois pães a base de farinha de trigo e sorgo (com e sem tanino) e dois pães a base de farinha de arroz e sorgo (com e sem tanino). As quatro formulações não diferiram quanto aos teores de cinzas. Pães elaborados com farinha de arroz e sorgo sem tanino apresentaram o maior teor de proteínas. Quanto à aceitação sensorial, foi observado que os pães formulados com farinha de trigo foram significativamente mais bem aceitos, que pães formulados com farinha de arroz. A aceitação satisfatória dos pães formulados com farinha de trigo e sorgo mostrou ser o sorgo um produto promissor

Out of the deep: Cryptic speciation in a Neotropical gecko (Squamata, Phyllodactylidae) revealed by species delimitation methods

Levels of biodiversity in the Neotropics are largely underestimated despite centuries of research interest in this region. This is particularly true for the Cerrado, the largest Neotropical savanna and a formally recognized biodiversity hotspot. Molecular species delimitation methods have become essential tools to uncover cryptic species and can be notably robust when coupled with morphological information. We present the first evaluation of the monophyly and cryptic speciation of a widespread Cerrado endemic lizard, Gymnodactylus amarali, using phylogenetic and species-trees methods, as well as a coalescent-based Bayesian species delimitation method. We tested whether lineages resulting from the analyses of molecular data are morphologically diagnosed by traditional meristic scale characters. We recovered eight deeply divergent molecular clades within G. amarali, and two additional ones from seasonally dry tropical forest enclaves between the Cerrado and the Caatinga biomes. Analysis of morphological data statistically corroborated the molecular delimitation for all groups, in a pioneering example of the use of support vector machines to investigate morphological differences in animals. The eight G. amarali clades appear monophyletic and endemic to the Cerrado. They display several different properties used by biologists to delineate species and are therefore considered here as candidates for formal taxonomic description. We also present a preliminary account of the biogeographic history of these lineages in the Cerrado, evidence for speciation of sister lineages in the Cerrado–Caatinga contact, and highlight the need for further morphological and genetic studies to assess cryptic diversity in this biodiversity hotspot.FMCBD was supported by scholarships from ‘Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior’ (CAPES) and ‘Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico’ (CNPq). This work was funded by CAPES, CNPq, ‘Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Distrito Federal’ (FAPDF), ‘GENPAC15’ and ‘Rede de Pesquisa Biota do Cerrado’, coordinated by GRC. MTR and JC acknowledge ‘Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo’ (FAPESP) for funding and D. Pavan, F. Curcio, M. Dixo, M. Teixeira Jr., N. Silva P. Nunes and, T. Mott for collecting tissues and help in field. LBB thanks additional support provided by the Australian Research Council (ARC DP0556496). We are grateful to Fernanda Werneck for collecting the Gymnodactylus specimens of Manga and Matias Cardoso. We also acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the quality of the manuscript. FMCBD is also grateful to Marina Scalon for commenting on early drafts of the manuscript

Out of the deep: Cryptic speciation in a Neotropical gecko (Squamata, Phyllodactylidae) revealed by species delimitation methods

Levels of biodiversity in the Neotropics are largely underestimated despite centuries of research interest in this region. This is particularly true for the Cerrado, the largest Neotropical savanna and a formally recognized biodiversity hotspot. Molecular species delimitation methods have become essential tools to uncover cryptic species and can be notably robust when coupled with morphological information. We present the first evaluation of the monophyly and cryptic speciation of a widespread Cerrado endemic lizard, Gymnodactylus amarali, using phylogenetic and species-trees methods, as well as a coalescent-based Bayesian species delimitation method. We tested whether lineages resulting from the analyses of molecular data are morphologically diagnosed by traditional meristic scale characters. We recovered eight deeply divergent molecular clades within G. amarali, and two additional ones from seasonally dry tropical forest enclaves between the Cerrado and the Caatinga biomes. Analysis of morphological data statistically corroborated the molecular delimitation for all groups, in a pioneering example of the use of support vector machines to investigate morphological differences in animals. The eight G. amarali clades appear monophyletic and endemic to the Cerrado. They display several different properties used by biologists to delineate species and are therefore considered here as candidates for formal taxonomic description. We also present a preliminary account of the biogeographic history of these lineages in the Cerrado, evidence for speciation of sister lineages in the Cerrado–Caatinga contact, and highlight the need for further morphological and genetic studies to assess cryptic diversity in this biodiversity hotspot.FMCBD was supported by scholarships from ‘Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior’ (CAPES) and ‘Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico’ (CNPq). This work was funded by CAPES, CNPq, ‘Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Distrito Federal’ (FAPDF), ‘GENPAC15’ and ‘Rede de Pesquisa Biota do Cerrado’, coordinated by GRC. MTR and JC acknowledge ‘Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo’ (FAPESP) for funding and D. Pavan, F. Curcio, M. Dixo, M. Teixeira Jr., N. Silva P. Nunes and, T. Mott for collecting tissues and help in field. LBB thanks additional support provided by the Australian Research Council (ARC DP0556496). We are grateful to Fernanda Werneck for collecting the Gymnodactylus specimens of Manga and Matias Cardoso. We also acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the quality of the manuscript. FMCBD is also grateful to Marina Scalon for commenting on early drafts of the manuscript

Governmental surveillance system of healthcare-associated infection in Brazil

Objective: This study aimed to describe the structure of governmental surveillance systems for Healthcare Associated Infection (HAI) in the Brazilian Southeastern and Southern States. Method: A cross-sectional, descriptive and exploratory study, with data collection by means of two-phases: characterization of the healthcare structure and of the HAI surveillance system. Results: The governmental teams for prevention and control of HAI in each State ranged from one to six members, having at least one nurse. All States implemented their own surveillance system. The information systems were classified into chain (n=2), circle (n=4) or wheel (n=1). Conclusion: Were identified differences in the structure and information flow from governmental surveillance systems, possibly limiting a nationwide standardization. The present study points to the need for establishing minimum requirements in public policies, in order to guide the development of HAI surveillance systems

Soybean yield fertilized with multiple nutrients source in integrated system in sand soil.

The rotation of annual crops with pastures, in the crop-livestock integration system (ILP), has been used as one of the alternatives for the economic and ecological sustainability of agricultural production systems