Teaching Population Health: Innovations in the integration of the healthcare and public health systems

Population health is a critical concept in healthcare delivery today. Many healthcare administrators are struggling to adapt their organization from fee-for-service to value delivery. Payers and patients expect healthcare leaders to understand how to deliver care under this new model. Health administration programs play a critical role in training future leaders of healthcare organizations to be adaptable and effective in this dynamic environment. The purpose of this research was to: (a) engage current educators of health administration students in a dialogue about the best practices of integrating the healthcare and public health systems; (b) identify the content and pedagogy for population health in the undergraduate and graduate curricula; and (c) discuss exemplar population health curriculum models, available course materials, and curriculum integration options. Authors conducted focus groups of participants attending this educational session at the 2017 annual AUPHA meeting. Qualitative analysis of the focus group discussions was performed and themes identified by a consensus process. Study findings provide validated recommendations for population health in the health administration curriculum. The identification of key content areas and pedagogical approaches serves to inform health educators as they prepare future health administrators to practice in this new era of population health

Pedagogy: How to best teach population health to future healthcare leaders

Our healthcare system is moving from a fee-for-service reimbursement model to one that provides payment for improvements in three areas related to care: quality, coordination, and cost. Healthcare organizations must use a population health approach when delivering care under this new paradigm. Health administration programs play a critical role in training future leaders of healthcare organizations to be adaptable and effective in this dynamic environment. The purpose of this research was to: (1) engage health administration educators in a dialogue about population health and its relevance to healthcare administration education; (2) describe pedagogical methods appropriate for teaching population health skills and abilities needed for successful careers in our healthcare environment; and (3) identify current student learning outcomes that participants can tailor to utilize in their undergraduate and graduate health management courses. Authors conducted focus groups of participants attending this educational session at the 2018 annual AUPHA meeting. Qualitative analysis of the focus group discussions identified themes by a consensus process. Study findings provide validated recommendations for population health in the health administration curriculum. The identification of pedagogical approaches serves to inform educators as they prepare future health administrators to practice in this new era of healthcare delivery

Film Fabrication of Perovskites and their Derivatives for Photovoltaic Applications via Chemical Vapor Deposition

In recent decades, metal halide perovskites have attracted much attention after showing great potential in photovoltaic (PV) applications. With the rapid progress of perovskites, various thin-film fabrication methods have been studied intensively. However, a film deposition method with controllability, cost efficiency, scalability, and uniformity is required to obtain perovskite films with the desired morphologies and properties and achieve large-scale manufacture. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) stands out among the various deposition methods because of its unique advantages. In this review, perovskite films for PV applications deposited by diverse CVD methods are discussed, and a summary of the development and investigation of CVD processes utilized is provided

Transparent and Conducting Boron Doped ZnO Thin Films Grown By Aerosol Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition

ZnO based transparent conducting oxides are important as they provide an alternative to the more expensive Sn:In2O3 that currently dominates the industry. Here, we investigate B-doped ZnO thin films grown via aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition. B:ZnO films were produced from zinc acetate and triethylborane using either tetrahydrofuran or methanol (MeOH) as the solvent. The lowest resistivity of 5.1 x 10-3 .cm along with a visible light transmittance of ~75 - 80% was achieved when using MeOH as the solvent. XRD analysis only detected the wurtzite phase of ZnO suggesting successful solid solution formation with B3+ substituting Zn2+ sites in the lattice. Refinement of the XRD patterns showed minimal distortion to the ZnO unit cell upon doping when MeOH was the solvent due to the immiscibility of the [BEt3] solution (1.0M solution in hexane) in methanol that limited the amount of B going into the films, thus preventing excessive doping

Transparent and conducting boron doped ZnO thin films grown by aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition.

ZnO based transparent conducting oxides are important as they provide an alternative to the more expensive Sn : In O that currently dominates the industry. Here, we investigate B-doped ZnO thin films grown aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition. B : ZnO films were produced from zinc acetate and triethylborane using either tetrahydrofuran or methanol (MeOH) as the solvent. The lowest resistivity of 5.1 × 10 Ω cm along with a visible light transmittance of ∼75-80% was achieved when using MeOH as the solvent. XRD analysis only detected the wurtzite phase of ZnO suggesting successful solid solution formation with B substituting Zn sites in the lattice. Refinement of the XRD patterns showed minimal distortion to the ZnO unit cell upon doping when MeOH was the solvent due to the immiscibility of the [BEt ] solution (1.0 M solution in hexane) in methanol that limited the amount of B going into the films, thus preventing excessive doping. [Abstract copyright: This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Electrochemical Investigation of Phenethylammonium Bismuth Iodide as Anode in Aqueous Zn2+ Electrolytes

Despite the high potential impact of aqueous battery systems, fundamental characteristics such as cost, safety, and stability make them less feasible for large-scale energy storage systems. One of the main barriers encountered in the commercialization of aqueous batteries is the development of large-scale electrodes with high reversibility, high rate capability, and extended cycle stability at low operational and maintenance costs. To overcome some of these issues, the current research work is focused on a new class of material based on phenethylammonium bismuth iodide on fluorine doped SnO2-precoated glass substrate via aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition, a technology that is industrially competitive. The anode materials were electrochemically investigated in Zn2+ aqueous electrolytes as a proof of concept, which presented a specific capacity of 220 mAh g−1 at 0.4 A g−1 with excellent stability after 50 scans and capacity retention of almost 100%

Interstitial Boron-Doped TiO2 Thin Films: The Significant Effect of Boron on TiO2 Coatings Grown by Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition

The work presented here describes the preparation of transparent interstitial boron-doped TiO2 thin-films by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD). The interstitial boron-doping, on TiO2, proved by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), is shown to enhance the crystallinity and significantly improve the photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 films. The synthesis, highly suitable for a reel-to-reel process, has been carried out in one step

Visible-Light-Active Iodide-Doped BiOBr Coatings for Sustainable Infrastructure

The search for efficient materials for sustainable infrastructure is an urgent challenge toward potential negative emission technologies and the global environmental crisis. Pleasant, efficient sunlight-activated coatings for applications in self-cleaning windows are sought in the glass industry, particularly those produced from scalable technologies. The current work presents visible-light-active iodide-doped BiOBr thin films fabricated using aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition. The impact of dopant concentration on the structural, morphological, and optical properties was studied systematically. The photocatalytic properties of the parent materials and as-deposited doped films were evaluated using the smart ink test. An optimized material was identified as containing 2.7 atom % iodide dopant. Insight into the photocatalytic behavior of these coatings was gathered from photoluminescence and photoelectrochemical studies. The optimum photocatalytic performance could be explained from a balance between photon absorption, charge generation, carrier separation, and charge transport properties under 450 nm irradiation. This optimized iodide-doped BiOBr coating is an excellent candidate for the photodegradation of volatile organic pollutants, with potential applications in self-cleaning windows and other surfaces

Scalable Production of Ambient Stable Hybrid Bismuth-based Materials: AACVD of Phenethylammonium Bismuth Iodide Films

Large homogeneous and adherent coatings of phenethylammonium bismuth iodide were produced using the cost-effective and scalable aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) methodology. The film morphology was found to depend on the deposition conditions and substrates, resulting in different optical properties to those reported from their spin-coated counterparts. Optoelectronic characterization revealed band bending effects occurring between the hybrid material and semiconducting substrates (TiO2 and FTO) due to heterojunction formation, and the optical bandgap of the hybrid material was calculated from UV-visible and PL spectrometry to be 2.05 eV. Maximum values for hydrophobicity and crystallographic preferential orientation were observed for films deposited on FTO/glass substrates, closely followed by values from films deposited on TiO2/glass substrates

ZnO/BiOI heterojunction photoanodes with enhanced photoelectrochemical water oxidation activity

ZnO/BiOI heterojunction photoanode thin films were prepared by aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition, and the impact of growth temperature and film thickness on the water oxidation functionality was systematically investigated. A top ZnO layer with a thickness of 120 nm (deposited at 350 °C) and a 390 nm thick BiOI layer (deposited at 300 °C) were found to achieve the best photoelectrochemical performance of the heterojunction. The ZnO/BiOI heterojunction exhibited a significant increase in photoelectrochemical activity, with a photocurrent of 0.27 mA·cm−2 observed at 1.1 VRHE (350 nm, 2.58 mW·cm−2), which is ~ 2.2 times higher than that of single-layer ZnO and far higher than that of BiOI. Photoluminescence spectroscopy and transient absorption spectroscopy measurements showed that there was effective charge transfer across the heterojunction which spatially separated charge carriers and increased their lifetime and ability to drive photoelectrochemical water oxidation