System f2lp – computing answer sets of first-order formulas

Abstract. We present an implementation of the general language of stable models proposed by Ferraris, Lee and Lifschitz. Under certain conditions, system f2lp turns a first-order theory under the stable model semantics into an answer set program, so that existing answer set solvers can be used for computing the general language. Quantifiers are first eliminated and then the resulting quantifier-free formulas are turned into rules. Based on the relationship between stable models and circumscription, f2lp can also serve as a reasoning engine for general circumscriptive theories. We illustrate how to use f2lp to compute the circumscriptive event calculus.

M3DISEEN: A Novel Machine Learning Approach for Predicting the 3D Printability of Medicines

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to reshape pharmaceutical formulation development through its ability to analyze and continuously monitor large datasets. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3-dimensional printing (3DP) has made significant advancements in the field of oral drug delivery with personalized drug-loaded formulations being designed, developed and dispensed for the needs of the patient. However, the optimization of the fabrication parameters is a time-consuming, empirical trial approach, requiring expert knowledge. Here, M3DISEEN, a web-based pharmaceutical software, was developed to accelerate FDM 3D printing, which includes producing filaments by hot melt extrusion (HME), using AI machine learning techniques (MLTs). In total, 614 drug-loaded formulations were designed from a comprehensive list of 145 different pharmaceutical excipients, 3D printed and assessed in-house. To build the predictive tool, a dataset was constructed and models were trained and tested at a ratio of 75:25. Significantly, the AI models predicted key fabrication parameters with accuracies of 76% and 67% for the printability and the filament characteristics, respectively. Furthermore, the AI models predicted the HME and FDM processing temperatures with a mean absolute error of 8.9 °C and 8.3 °C, respectively. Strikingly, the AI models achieved high levels of accuracy by solely inputting the pharmaceutical excipient trade names. Therefore, AI provides an effective holistic modeling technology and software to streamline and advance 3DP as a significant technology within drug development. M3DISEEN is available at (http://m3diseen.com/predictions/)

Machine learning predicts 3D printing performance of over 900 drug delivery systems

Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a transformative technology that is advancing pharmaceutical research by producing personalized drug products. However, advances made via 3DP have been slow due to the lengthy trial-and-error approach in optimization. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a technology that could revolutionize pharmaceutical 3DP through analyzing large datasets. Herein, literature-mined data for developing AI machine learning (ML) models was used to predict key aspects of the 3DP formulation pipeline and in vitro dissolution properties. A total of 968 formulations were mined and assessed from 114 articles. The ML techniques explored were able to learn and provide accuracies as high as 93% for values in the filament hot melt extrusion process. In addition, ML algorithms were able to use data from the composition of the formulations with additional input features to predict the drug release of 3D printed medicines. The best prediction was obtained by an artificial neural network that was able to predict drug release times of a formulation with a mean error of ±24.29 min. In addition, the most important variables were revealed, which could be leveraged in formulation development. Thus, it was concluded that ML proved to be a suitable approach to modelling the 3D printing workflow

Forgetting in Answer Set Programming with Anonymous Cycles

FORGET (PTDC/CCI-INF/32219/2017). NOVA LINCS (UID/CEC/04516/2019).It is now widely accepted that the operation of forgetting in the context of Answer Set Programming [10, 18] is best characterized by the so-called strong persistence, a property that requires that all existing relations between the atoms not to be forgotten be preserved. However, it has been shown that strong persistence cannot always be satisfied. What happens if we must nevertheless forget? One possibility that has been explored before is to consider weaker versions of strong persistence, although not without a cost: some relations between the atoms not to be forgotten are broken in the process. A different alternative is to enhance the logical language so that all such relations can be maintained after the forgetting operation. In this paper, we borrow from the recently introduced notion of fork [1] – a conservative extension of Equilibrium Logic and its monotonic basis, the logic of Here-and-There – which has been shown to be sufficient to overcome the problems related to satisfying strong persistence. We map this notion into the language of logic programs, enhancing it with so-called anonymous cycles, and we introduce a concrete syntactical forgetting operator over this enhanced language that we show to always obey strong persistence.publishe

Določitev strižnega modula glineno peščenih mešanic s preizkusom z benderjevim elementom

Bender-element (BE) tests were conducted on clay-sand mixtures to investigate the variation of small strain-shear modulus (Gmax) with the sand content and the physical characteristics (size, shape) of the sand grains in the mixtures. Three different gradations (0.6–0.3 mm, 1.0–0.6 mm and 2.0–1.0 mm) of sands having distinct shapes (rounded, angular) were added to a low-plasticity clay with mixture ratios of 0% (clean clay), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. For the purposes of performing a correlation analysis, unconfined compression (UC) tests were also carried out on the same specimens. The tests indicated that both the Gmax and unconfined compressive strength (q u) values of the specimens with angular sand grains were measured to be lower than those with rounded sand grains, for all sizes and percentages. As the percentage of sand in the mixture increases, the Gmax values increase, while the qu values decrease. The results further suggested that the Gmaxvalues decrease as the q u values decreases as the size of the sand grains reduces.Na glineno peščenih mešanicah so bili izvedeni preizkusi z benderjevim elementom (BE). Z njimi se je raziskalo spreminjanje strižnega modula majhnih deformacij (Gmax) v odvisnosti od vsebnosti peska in fizikalnih karakteristik zrn peskov (velikosti, oblike) v preiskovanih mešanicah. Tri različne granulacije peskov (0.6-0.3 mm, 1.0-0.6 mm in 2.0-1.0 mm) s posebnimi oblikami (okrogle, oglate) so bile dodane malo stisljivi glini v deležih 0 % (čista glina), 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 % in 50 %. Za korelacijsko analizo so bili na enakih vzorcih izvedeni tudi enoosni preizkusi tlačne trdnosti (UC). Preizkusi so pokazali, da so izmerjene vrednosti za G max in enoosno tlačno trdnost (qu) preizkušancev z oglatimi zrni peska nižje kot za okrogla zrna peska, in sicer za vse velikosti in razmerja mešanja. Z naraščanjem vsebnosti peska v mešanicah, narašča vrednost Gmax, medtem, ko vrednost qu upada. Rezultati nadalje kažejo, da tako vrednosti Gmax, kot tudi vrednosti q u upadajo z zmanjšanjem velikosti zrn peska

Zastosowanie badania filtracji, edometru oraz aparatu bezpośredniego ścinania do wyznaczenia właściwości mieszaniny piasku z kawałkami pociętych opon

The amount of the used waste rubbers in the world has been increasing every year, and their utilization, become a major environmental problem worldwide. The present experimental work has been performed to investigate the influence of rubber inclusion on the behavior of a sand. Geotechnical properties of the sand, and sand with tire crumb at various ratios mixtures (0, 2.5, 7.5, and 15%) were investigated through a series of mechanical tests, which are sieving, permeability, direct shear and consolidation. From the results of conducted tests, it is revealed that the addition of tire crumb grains increased both the permeability and the compressional characteristics of the sand. Besides, in this work, inter-granular void ratio (es) was employed as an alternative parameter to express the compressive response of sand-tire crumb mixtures. It is seen that intergranular void ratio concept is a good indicator for understanding the behavior of sands with waste tire crumb.Ilość materiałów gumowych stosowanych na świecie rośnie z roku na rok, a ich utylizacja stała się głównym problemem dla środowiska naturalnego na całym świecie. Niniejsze prace eksperymentalne zostały przeprowadzone w celu zbadania wpływu dodatku gumy pochodzącej z opon samochodowych na zachowanie piasku oraz określenia możliwego zastosowania. Właściwości geotechniczne piasku i mieszaniny piasku z różną zawartością kawałków pociętej opony (0, 2,5, 7,5 i 15%) były badane za pomocą szeregu testów mechanicznych, przesiewania, filtracji, jednoosiowej konsolidacji i bezpośredniego ścinania. Na podstawie wyników przeprowadzonych prób okazuje się, że dodanie fragmentów opony zwiększa zarówno przepuszczalność, jak i kompresyjne właściwości piasku. Poza tym w pracy wykorzystany został koncept międzycząsteczkowego wskaźnika porowatości (es) jako alternatywnego parametru do określania charakterystyki ściśliwości mieszaniny piasku z kawałkami opon. Okazał się on być dobrym wskaźnikiem dla zrozumienia zachowania tego typu mieszaniny

Influences of grain shape and size distribution on permeability

International Symposium on Geomechanics from Micro to Macro, IS-Cambridge 2014 -- 1 September 2014 through 3 September 2014 -- Cambridge -- 107381The present study investigates the effects of shape and size distributions of grains on the coefficient of permeability (k). A series of constant head permeability tests were performed to characterize the coefficient of permeability. Three grain size ranges (4.75-0.075, 1.18-0.075 and 0.300-0.075 mm) of two different sands (Narli Sand, Crushed Stone Sand) having different shapes were tested in a constant head permeability testing apparatus at a relative density (Rd) of about 35% and, a constant room temperature (20°C). Some physical properties of the sands employed, such as median particle diameter (D50), effective particle diameter (D10) coefficient of uniformity (cu), and coefficient of curvature (c c), were the same for these two sands. Experimental results showed that the coefficient of permeability values of Crushed Stone Sand (CSS) was higher than those of Narli Sand (NS). Empirical equations derived by numerous researchers for the coefficient of permeability prediction have been implemented on the estimated permeability values obtained from the laboratory. © 2015 Taylor & Francis Group

Ocena przepuszczalności mieszaniny piasku i biopolimeru na podstawie badań laboratoryjnych

This research presents a method of creating seepage barriers in a sandy soil using biopolymer additives (biosubstance), which consist of polysaccharides and water. Polysaccharides strongly interact with water to produce a viscous suspension. The paper aims to investigate the infl uence of a biosubstance employed in a highly permeable sandy soil. Amount of the biopolymer used in a sample were 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%, by dry weight. The test results indicate that the hydraulic conductivity signifi cantly decrease with the amount of biosubstance added but only slightly increase when curing time gets longer. It is thought that such application, which is a relatively new soil improvement technique, could be used as a seepage barrier installation required to protect some geotechnical works including foundation, underground structures and waste disposals.Przedstawione badania dotyczą możliwości tworzenia nieprzepuszczalnych barier w przepuszczalnym podłożu gruntowym z zastosowaniem dodatków biopolimeru (biosubstancji składającej się z polisacharydów i wody) mieszanych z piaszczystym gruntem podłoża. Celem przeprowadzonych badań była ocena wpływu biopolimeru na przewodność hydrauliczną piasku średniego. Badania przeprowadzono dla zawartości biopolimeru 0,5, 1,0 i 1,5% w odniesieniu do suchej masy piasku średniego i różnych wartości gradientów hydraulicznych. Wyniki badań wskazują, że przewodność hydrauliczna znacząco zmniejsza się wraz ze wzrostem zawartości biopolimeru, jednakże nieznacznie wzrasta w miarę wydłużania się czasu kondycjonowania. Zastosowanie biopolimeru do tworzenia nieprzepuszczalnej bariery hydraulicznej jest stosunkowo nową techniką, którą można wykorzystać w niektórych pracach geotechnicznych, np. do zabezpieczania wykopów fundamentowych lub składowisk odpadów

Oral Papillomatosis in a Dog and its Therapy with Taurolidine

The efficacy of taurolidine on the treatment of oral papillomatosis in a 1-year-old Turkish Kangal dog was evaluated. Diagnosis of the papillomatosis was based on clinical signs, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. The dog received 45 mg/kg taurolidine intravenously every 3 days. Regression of papillomas started to be observed after the beginning of treatment, and complete resolution occurred after the fifth application