Fault Current Limiter Using Ybco Coated Conductor-the Limiting Factor And Its Recovery Time

A fault current limiter (FCL) based on an arrangement of parallel connected high temperature superconducting tapes constituting a limiter element was designed and tested in 220 V line for a fault current peak between 1 kA to 2 kA. The limiter employed second generation (2G) HTS tapes of YBCO coated conductor reinforced with stainless steel. Four tapes were electrically connected in parallel with 0.4 m effective length per element wherein 16 elements connected in series constitutes a single-phase unit. The FCL performance was evaluated through over-current and current fault tests. Its recovery characteristics were used to design the shunt protection. The designed limiting ratio is 4 for 16 elements and the experimental result for one element showed a 20% limiting ratio. For the fault current test one element can withstand five cycles of fault without degradation. It was observed recovery times below 0.5 s under nominal load using a shunt resistance of 173 mfi. © 2009 IEEE.19318101813Schmidt, W., Investigation of YBCO coated conductors for fault current limiter applications (2007) IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond, 17, pp. 3471-3474Nam, K., Thermal and electrical analysis of CC under AC over- current (2007) IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond, 17, pp. 1923-1926Kim, M.J., Determination of maximum permissible temperature rise considering repetitive over-current characteristics of YBCO coated conductors (2008) IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond, 18, pp. 660-663Ahn, M.C., A study on the design of the stabilizer of coated conductor for applying to SFCL (2007) IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond, 17, pp. 1855-1858Yang, S.E., Experimental method for determining the recovery of superconducting fault current limiter using coated conductor in a power system (2008) IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond, 18, pp. 652-655Park, D.K., Development of 220 V/300 A class non-inductive winding type fault current limiter using 2G HTS wire (2007) IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond, 17, pp. 1863-186

Electrical and thermal characterization of YBCO coated conductors for resistive fault current limiter applications

Electrical and thermal characteristics of Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO) coated conductors (CCs) with different architectures, with and without stabilizer layers, in resistive fault current limiters (RSFCLs) have been widely studied. In this study, the recovery of the superconducting state under different conditions (no-load and under load) is analyzed for subsequent fault current limitation. Test of modular RSFCL using commercial coated conductor with and without the assistance of an air-core power reactor was carried out. Shunt-assisted quench tests were investigated and measurements have been performed in short samples employed in the construction of modular unit with 6 stacks of 0.7-m length of 12-mm width YBCO CC tapes. Using the pulsed current method (PCM), the quench current (from Ic up to 3 × Ic) for a time period from 16.6 to 80 ms was applied to evaluate the temperature and recovery time, by the power losses, generated after the second quench in sequence. The RSFCL operates in a distribution grid protected by a recloser switch with intervals of 300 ms, 900 ms, and 1.2 s. For these time intervals, it is necessary to verify if full recovery behavior happens253CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPnão temnão temnão te

Evaluation Of Electrical Properties Of Lap Joints For Bscco And Ybco Tapes

The joint process between tapes of coated conductors is a critical issue for the most of the applications of high temperature superconductors (HTS). Using different fabrication techniques joints of YBCO coated superconductors were prepared and characterized through electrical measurements. For soldering material low melting point eutectic alloys, such as In-Sn (m.p. 116° C) and Sn-Pb (m.p. 189° C) were selected to prepare lap joints with effective length between 1 to 20 cm. The splice resistance and the critical current of the joints were evaluated by I-V curve measurements with the maximum current strength above the critical current, in order to evaluate the degree of degradation for each joint method. Pressed lap joints prepared with tapes without external reinforcement presented low resistance lap joint nevertheless some critical current degradation occurs when strong pressing is applied. When mechanical pressure is applied during the soldering process we can reduce the thickness of the solder alloy and a residual resistance arises from contributions of high resistivity matrix and external reinforcement. The lap joints for reinforced tape were prepared using two methods: the first, using "as-supplied" tape and the other after reinforcement-removal; in the latter case, the tapes were resoldered using Sn-Pb alloy. The results using several joint geometries, distinct surface preparation processes and different soldering materials are presented and analysed. The solder alloy with lower melting point and the longer joint length presented the smallest joint resistance. &copy 2009 IEEE.19328312834Shigue, C.Y., Baldan, C.A., Ruppert Filho, E., Evaluation of current transfer in Bi-2223/Ag composite tapes (2004) Physica C, 408-410, pp. 698-699Kim, J.H., A study on joining method of Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O multifilamentary tape (2002) Physica C, 372-376, pp. 909-912Wang, Y., Superconductive joint on Bi2223/Ag multifilamentary tape (2003) Physica C, 386, pp. 174-178Sohn, M.H., Joint resistances between two parallel high Tc superconducting tapes (2003) IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond, 13, pp. 1764-1767Kato-Yoshioka, J., Low resistance joint of the YBCO coated conductor (2006) J. Phys.: Conf. Series, 43, pp. 166-169Chang, K.S., Joint characteristics of YBCO coated conductor by removing metallic stabilizer (2008) IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond, 18, pp. 1220-122

Evaluation Of Current Transfer In Bi-2223/ag Composite Tapes

The evaluation of current transfer effects in normal metal/superconductor interfaces are used in the design of splices and joints of superconducting coils. We evaluated the low electric resistance by applying transport currents up to 100 A and under self magnetic fields using the resistive four probe method as well as the induced persistent current decay method. In the four probe method the resistance was measured at many voltage taps aiming to determine the current-transfer length and the influence sample inhomogeneity. The 155-mm long lap joint resistance of the Bi-2223/Ag tape measured by the induced current decay method 1.1 × 10-8 Ω agrees well with that measured by the four probe method and a 1-m long specimen exhibited inhomogeneity in the I-V curve for different spaced voltage taps. © 2001 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.408-4101-4698699Polak, M., (1997) Supercond. Sci. Technol., 10, p. 769Kasztler, A., (1999) IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 9, p. 2340Horng, L., Tai, C.H., (2001) IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 11, p. 300

Test Of A Modular Fault Current Limiter For 220v Line Using Ybco Coated Conductor Tapes With Shunt Protection

A modular superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) consisting of 16 elements was constructed and tested in a 220 V line for a fault current between 1 kA to 7.4 kA. The elements are made up of second generation (2G) YBCO-coated conductor tapes with stainless steel reinforcement. For each element four tapes were electrically connected in parallel with effective length of 0.4 m per element, totaling 16 elements connected in series. The evaluation of SFCL performance was carried out under DC and AC tests. The DC test was performed through pulsed current tests and its recovery characteristics under load current were analysed by changing the shunt resistor value. The AC test performed using a 3 MVA/220 V/60 Hz transformer has shown the current limiting ratio achieved a factor higher than 10 during fault of up to five cycles without conductor degradation. The measurement of the voltage for each element during the AC test showed that in this modular SFCL the quench is homogeneous and the transition occurs similarly in all the elements. © 2011 IEEE.213 PART 212421245Schmidt, W., Kraemer, H.-P., Neumueller, H.-W., Schoop, U., Verebelyi, D., Malozemoff, A.P., Investigation of YBCO coated conductors for fault current limiter applications (2007) IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 17 (2), pp. 3471-3474. , DOI 10.1109/TASC.2007.899709Nam, K., Thermal and electrical analysis of CC under AC overcurrent (2007) IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 17, pp. 1923-1926Kim, M.J., Determination of maximum permissible temperature rise considering repetitive over-current characteristics of YBCO coated conductors (2008) IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 18, pp. 660-663Ahn, M.C., Park, D.K., Yang, S.E., Kim, M.J., Kim, H.M., Kang, H., Nam, K., Ko, T.K., A study on the design of the stabilizer of coated conductor for applying to SFCL (2007) IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 17 (2), pp. 1855-1858. , DOI 10.1109/TASC.2007.898130Yang, S.E., Experimental method for determining the recovery of superconducting fault current limiter using coated conductor in a power system (2008) IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 18, pp. 652-655Park, D.K., Ahn, M.C., Yang, S.E., Yoon, Y.S., Seok, B.-Y., Lee, C., Chang, H.-M., Ko, T.K., Development of 220 V/300 a class non-inductive winding type fault current limiter using 2G HTS wire (2007) IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 17 (2), pp. 1863-1866. , DOI 10.1109/TASC.2007.897756Baldan, C.A., Fault current limiter using coated conductor-The limiting factor and its recovery time (2009) IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 19, pp. 1810-1813Schacherer, C., Dissipated energy as a design parameter of coated conductor for their use in resistive fault current limiters (2008) Journal of Physics Conf. Series, 97, p. 012193Schwarz, M., Thermodynamic behaviour of coated conductor for current above Ic (2008) Supercond. Sci. Technol., 21, p. 05400

Electrical And Thermal Characterization Of Ybco Coated Conductors For Resistive Fault Current Limiter Applications

Electrical and thermal characteristics of Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO) coated conductors (CCs) with different architectures, with and without stabilizer layers, in resistive fault current limiters (RSFCLs) have been widely studied. In this study, the recovery of the superconducting state under different conditions (no-load and under load) is analyzed for subsequent fault current limitation. Test of modular RSFCL using commercial coated conductor with and without the assistance of an air-core power reactor was carried out. Shunt-assisted quench tests were investigated and measurements have been performed in short samples employed in the construction of modular unit with 6 stacks of 0.7-m length of 12-mm width YBCO CC tapes. Using the pulsed current method (PCM), the quench current (from Ic up to 3 × Ic) for a time period from 16.6 to 80 ms was applied to evaluate the temperature and recovery time, by the power losses, generated after the second quench in sequence. The RSFCL operates in a distribution grid protected by a recloser switch with intervals of 300 ms, 900 ms, and 1.2 s. For these time intervals, it is necessary to verify if full recovery behavior happens.253Bock, J., HTS fault current limiters - First commercial devices for distribution level grids in Europe (2011) IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 21 (3), pp. 1202-1205. , JunElschner, S., ENSYSTROB - Design, manufacturing and test of a 3-phase resistive fault current limiter based on coated conductors for medium voltage application (2012) Phys. C, Supercond., 482, pp. 98-104. , NovNoe, M., Hobl, A., Tixador, P., Martini, L., Dutoit, B., Conceptual design of a 24 kV, 1 kA resistive superconducting fault current limiter (2012) IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 22 (3). , JunHobl, A., Design and production of the ECCOFLOW resistive fault current limiter (2013) IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 23 (3). , JunSchmidt, W., Investigation of YBCO coated conductors for fault current limiter applications (2007) IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 17 (2), pp. 3471-3474. , JunNam, K., Lee, C., Park, D.K., Ko, T.K., Seok, B.Y., Thermal and electrical analysis of CC under AC overcurrent (2007) IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 17 (2), pp. 1923-1926. , JunKim, M.J., Determination of maximum permissible temperature rise considering repetitive over-current characteristics of YBCO coated conductors (2008) IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 18 (2), pp. 660-663. , JunSchmidt, W., Design and test of current limiting modules using YBCO coated conductors (2010) Supercond. Sci. Technol., 23 (1). , JunAinslie, M.D., Superconducting fault current limiter design using parallel-connected YBCO thin films (2009) IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 19 (3), pp. 1918-1921. , JunNitta, T., Tests for conceptual design of 6.6 kV class Superconducting fault current limiter with YBCO thin film elements (2009) IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 19 (3), pp. 1964-1967. , JunAinslie, M.D., Baba, J., Nitta, T., Experimental study on an SFCL using series-connected YBCO thin films (2008) J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 97 (1)Ahn, M.C., A study on the design of the stabilizer of coated conductor for applying to SFCL (2007) IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 17 (2), pp. 1855-1858. , JunYang, S.E., Experimental method for determining the recovery of superconducting fault current limiter using coated conductor in a power system (2008) IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 18 (2), pp. 652-655. , JunSchacherer, C., Kudymow, A., Noe, M., Dissipated energy as a design parameter of coated conductor for their use in resistive fault current limiters (2008) J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 97 (1)Baldan, C.A., Lamas, J.S., Shigue, C.Y., Filho, E.R., Test of a modular fault current limiter for 220V line using coated conductor tapes with shunt protection (2011) IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 21 (3), pp. 1242-1245. , Ju

Development Of A New Epoxy Resin For Superconducting Magnet Impregnation

A novel epoxy resin system based on a low viscosity Bisphenol-A (DGEBA)/Bisphenol-F (DGEBF) blend has been investigated for use in tight-wound superconducting magnet impregnation. The principle is to decrease the Bisphenol-A resin system viscosity by adding the low viscosity Bisphenol-F resin. The rheological and mechanical properties of the blend system are compared to the pure Bisphenol-A resin and also to the Bisphenol-F resin both cured with acid anhydride. For the vacuum/pressure impregnation, both the pure Bisphenol-F resin system and DGEBA/DGEBF blend system can be applied without S-glass fabric between coil layers due to its higher rigidity at low temperature and good resistance to thermal shock. This resin system have been tested for impregnation of copper and NbTi wire wound coils whilst Bisphenol-A resin system have been used for testing Nb3Sn coil impregnation where S-glass braid is present as wire insulation.1011347134

Study of superconducting fault current limiter using saturated magnetic core

This paper presents a saturated magnetic core superconducting current limiter (SCSFCL) operation simulation results using finite element technique. The superconducting current limiter uses BSCCO tape to produce magnetic core saturation to increase the device inductive reactance, during a short-circuit occurrence, thus limiting the short-circuit electric current. The electrical current limiter presents a limiting factor of 56 % of the prospective electrical fault current during 100 ms. A prototype of this SCSFCL is under construction to be tested in a superconducting laboratory2868569

Study Of Superconducting Fault Current Limiter Using Saturated Magnetic Core

This paper presents a saturated magnetic core superconducting current limiter (SCSFCL) operation simulation results using finite element technique. The superconducting current limiter uses BSCCO tape to produce magnetic core saturation to increase the device inductive reactance, during a short-circuit occurrence, thus limiting the short-circuit electric current. The electrical current limiter presents a limiting factor of 56 % of the prospective electrical fault current during 100 ms. A prototype of this SCSFCL is under construction to be tested in a superconducting laboratory

Test Results Of A Superconducting Fault Current Limiter Using Ybco Coated Conductor

A single-phase superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) using a 0.9 m length of YBCO coated conductor (CC) tape was tested in 220 V-60 Hz line for fault current up to 1 kA, operating in 77 K. In this work are presented the I-V experimental curves measured under DC and AC currents for the electrical characterization of the CC tape in order to design a low voltage current limiter. The experimental setup is described and the test results are presented for a unit conducting a steady nominal AC current of 50 A and also during the fault time (1 to 5 cycles.) The performance of the CC-based SFCL providing the limiting resistance developed in the whole tape length after few milliseconds of the beginning of the fault was analyzed. © 2007 IEEE.17219031906Kalsi, S.S., Malozemoff, A., HTS fault current limiter concept (2004) IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, , presented at the, Denver, USA, June 6-10Prasseit, W., Switching and quench propagation in coated, conductors for fault current limiters (2005) ISS, , presented at the, Tsukuba, JapanKim, K., A perspective on conducting oxide buffers for Cu-based YBCO-coated conductors (2006) Supercond. Sci. Technol, 19, pp. R23-R29Tixador, P., Hybrid, superconducting a.c. fault current limiter principle and previous studies (1992) IEEE Trans. Magn, 28 (1), pp. 446-44