Mechanical, microstructure and permeability properties of a model bread crust: Effect of different food additives

The aim of this study was to understand the action of different additives on the crust properties using a layer crust as a model. Moisture content, water vapor barrier properties, water sorption isotherms and mechanical properties were evaluated. Crust model showed multilayer internal structure. Glycerol (10% and 20%) and HPMC-10% increased moisture content, whereas linolenic acid and beeswax, glycerol-1%, HPMC-0.5% and citric acid significantly decreased it. Water vapor permeability (WVP) decreased with lipids and citric acid, due to their hydrophobic nature and crosslinking action, respectively. Hydrophobic additives lowered the WVP of the crust and provided water barrier properties and brittle texture. Crust mechanical properties were greatly correlated with water present as well as with composition of crust layer. Barrier properties of the crust layer were greatly dependent on the hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity of the additives, which determined the internal interactions between starch and proteins and the microstructure and mechanical properties.The authors acknowledge the financial support of Spanish Scientific Research Council (CSIC), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Sustainability (Project AGL2011-23802), and the Generalitat Valenciana (Project Prometeo 2012/064). R. Altamirano-Fortoul would like to thank her PhD Grant to CSIC.Altamirano Fortoul, RDC.; Hernández Muñoz, PA.; Hernando Hernando, MI.; Molina Rosell, MC. (2015). Mechanical, microstructure and permeability properties of a model bread crust: Effect of different food additives. Journal of Food Engineering. 163:25-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.04.019S253116

From Clock Synchronization to Dark Matter as a Relativistic Inertial Effect

Lecture at BOSS2011 on relativistic metrology, on clock synchronization, relativistic dynamics and non-inertial frames in Minkowski spacetime, on relativistic atomic physics, on ADM canonical tetrad gravity in asymptotically Minkowskian spacetimes, on the York canonical basis identifying the inertial (gauge) and tidal degrees of freedom of the gravitational field, on the Post-Minkowskian linearization in 3-orthogonal gauges, on the Post-Newtonian limit of matter Hamilton equations, on the possibility to interpret dark matter as a relativistic inertial effect connected with relativistic metrology (i.e. clock synchronization) in Einstein GR.Comment: 90 pages. Lecture at BOSS201

CSF1R inhibitor JNJ-40346527 attenuates microglial proliferation and neurodegeneration in P301S mice

Neuroinflammation and microglial activation are significant processes in Alzheimer's disease pathology. Recent genome-wide association studies have highlighted multiple immune-related genes in association with Alzheimer's disease, and experimental data have demonstrated microglial proliferation as a significant component of the neuropathology. In this study, we tested the efficacy of the selective CSF1R inhibitor JNJ-40346527 (JNJ-527) in the P301S mouse tauopathy model. We first demonstrated the anti-proliferative effects of JNJ-527 on microglia in the ME7 prion model, and its impact on the inflammatory profile, and provided potential CNS biomarkers for clinical investigation with the compound, including pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics and efficacy assessment by TSPO autoradiography and CSF proteomics. Then, we showed for the first time that blockade of microglial proliferation and modification of microglial phenotype leads to an attenuation of tau-induced neurodegeneration and results in functional improvement in P301S mice. Overall, this work strongly supports the potential for inhibition of CSF1R as a target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other tau-mediated neurodegenerative diseases

Inflammatory biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease plasma

Introduction: Plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis/stratification are a \u201cHoly Grail\u201d of AD research and intensively sought; however, there are no well-established plasma markers. Methods: A hypothesis-led plasma biomarker search was conducted in the context of international multicenter studies. The discovery phase measured 53 inflammatory proteins in elderly control (CTL; 259), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; 199), and AD (262) subjects from AddNeuroMed. Results: Ten analytes showed significant intergroup differences. Logistic regression identified five (FB, FH, sCR1, MCP-1, eotaxin-1) that, age/APO\u3b54 adjusted, optimally differentiated AD and CTL (AUC: 0.79), and three (sCR1, MCP-1, eotaxin-1) that optimally differentiated AD and MCI (AUC: 0.74). These models replicated in an independent cohort (EMIF; AUC 0.81 and 0.67). Two analytes (FB, FH) plus age predicted MCI progression to AD (AUC: 0.71). Discussion: Plasma markers of inflammation and complement dysregulation support diagnosis and outcome prediction in AD and MCI. Further replication is needed before clinical translation

Isomer-delayed gamma-ray spectroscopy of neutron-rich 166Tb

published_or_final_versio

Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain

Paroxysmal Cerebral Disorder

A century of trends in adult human height

Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5-22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3-19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8-144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries