Biochemical estimation of phytic acid and inorganic phosphate in diverse maize germplasm to identify potential donor for low phytic acid (LPA) trait in tropical genetic background

Not AvailablePhytic acid (PA), an anti-nutritional factor in maize (Zea mays L.) grains form various salts by chelating essential vital mineral elements namely, Fe3+, Zn2+, Mg2+, etc. affecting their bioavailability. Low phytic acid (LPA) maize can play a vital role as an important food and feed crop to diversify the existing food basket to address micronutrient malnutrition. Globally efforts to identify LPA maize genotypes in the existing germplasm are limited. Keeping this in view, the present experiment was designed using the diverse set of maize germplasm including landraces, composites, inbred lines and hybrids of field corn and also some genotypes of quality protein maize and sweet corn to explore the extent of variability for PA in the existing germplasm and to identify the LPA maize genotypes. The mean PA content across 104 genotypes excluding LPA mutants varied from 1.7 mg/g (CML150) to 4.5 mg/g (VMH45) whereas inorganic phosphate (Pi) varied from 0.07 mg/g (LM16) to 0.95 mg/g (PMH9). The correlation coefficient between PA and Pi across genotypes was negative but moderate (-0.35) (P = 0.00024). The present study has identified two inbred lines namely, CML150 (1.7 mg/g) and CML176 (1.8 mg/g) which do not differ significantly with either of the two LPA mutants namely, LPA1 (1.3 mg/g) and LPA2 (1.7 mg/g). The study further indicated that PA content is generally low in white kernel colour germplasm as compared to other kernel colours. The identified genotypes could be potential donor for developing LPA maize genotypes and also their utilization in the breeding for development of LPA maize cultivars.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableWhite maize plays an important role in human diet, especially in traditional crop growing regions of northern hill region, north-eastern states and central-western parts of India. Breeding efforts to enhance the genetic potential of white maize was not so prominent as compared to yellow maize in the country. As a result, genetic base of the material utilized in white maize breeding program in India is very narrow and majorly contains indigenous germplasm and few introductions. Hence, efforts were made to use 365 white maize inbred lines from CIMMYT, Mexico, for breeding program. These new inbred lines were grown at winter nursery center, Indian Institute of Maize Research, New Delhi for its tropical adaptation. After preliminary evaluation, a total 47 inbred lines were selected and evaluated in randomized complete block design with two replications at Regional Maize Research and Seed Production Centre, Begusarai, Bihar, during rabi 2014. Out of this top performing 12 inbred lines viz, CML 47, CML 95, CML 314, CML 319, CML 377, CML 488, CML 494, CML 504, CML 517, CML 522, CML 531 and CML 538 were selected and were crossed in diallel manner to obtain 66 medium to long duration experimental hybrids. Stability analysis using AMMI model was done to identify adaptive hybrids with high yielding potentiality.According to the ASVi value obtained, the hybrid G38 appeared to be stable followed by G50 and G44. On theother hand, the hybrid G25 appeared as location specific hybrid suitable for high input conditions.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableGlobally maize is an important cereal crop for food, feed, fodder, and also a raw material for various food and non-food-based industries. The area, production, and productivity of maize are increasing continuously in India and the World. However, the rate of increase and level of productivity across different countries varies. The major reason for the variation in maize productivity across countries is the varying degree of adoption of improved technologies. To meet the growing demand for maize in the India and world, production and productivity of maize need to be enhanced which can be achieved by the increasing area under hybrids and by using improved packages and practices for its cultivation. The increasing area under the hybrids maize will create a high demand for hybrid seeds in near future. Hybrid technology is one such technology that has impacted significantly on the increase of maize productivity across the globe. In India, the area covered under hybrid technology is around 70% of the total maize area of the country. There is tremendous scope to bring more and more area of maize under hybrid technology. In this context, the Manual of hybrid seed production technology in maize published by the ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research is a significant contribution for accelerating quality seed production in the country. The seed production manual covers all aspects of maize hybrid seed production. The manual briefly introduces to the readers the bird-eye view of the global and Indian scenario of the hybrid seed market, current status, future scope, and system of seed production that existed in India and elsewhere. It covers the biology of maize which is a basic requirement in terms of understanding the crop per se before taking up hybrid seed production. The manual covers the major aspects of seed production like important considerations before taking up hybrid seed production, standardizing seeds production techniques for a new site, techniques of hybrid seed production, various agro-techniques involved in hybrid seed production, and crop protection. It also covers the procedure involved in seed certification. This manual of hybrid seed production in maize would serve as an important resource material for all those who are actively involved in maize hybrid seed production.ICA

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Not AvailableAbstract: Turcicum leaf blight (TLB) caused by Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard and Suggs is one of the most important foliar diseases of Maize. Host-plant resistance provides sustainable disease management option. With an objective to identify new source of resistance to TLB, 237 newly developed maize inbred lines were evaluated for two consecutive years at four location in India (Dharwad, Mandya, Almora and Bajaura) under artificially created disease epiphytotics. The disease reaction of individual genotype was rated on 1-9 scale. On the basis of pooled mean over locations, 41 inbred lines were found resistant (disease incidence <3.0), 181 inbred lines were moderately resistant (disease incidence 3.1-5.0) and 15 inbred lines were moderately susceptible (disease incidence 5.1-7.0). Out of 41 inbred lines, 33 lines viz. IMLSB-57-2, IMLSB-119-1, IMLSB-143-1, IMLSB-205-1, IMLSB-244- 1, IMLSB-246-2, IMLSB-266-2, IMLSB-306-1, IMLSB- 317-1, IMLSB-334B-1, IMLSB-343-1, IMLSB-343-2, IMLSB-380-1, IMLSB-428-2, IMLSB-446-2, IMLSB-475- 2, IMLSB-568-2, IMLSB-748-1, IMLSB-801-2, IMLSB- 807-1, IMLSB-825-2, IMLSB-955-1, IMLSB-956-2, IMLSB-975-2, IMLSB-976-2, IMLSB-1018-1, IMLSB- 1041-4-1, IMLSB-1043-1-1, IMLSB-1299-1, IMLSB- 1299-7, IMLSB-1381, IMLSB-2034, IMLSB-2136 were resistant at three locations and across location (mean basis), whereas 8 inbred lines IMLSB-282-2, IMLSB-310-2, IMLSB-1046-3-1, IMLSB-1047-1-1, IMLSB-1376, IMLSB-2051, IMLSB-2119, IMLSB-2166 were resistant at two locations and across mean basis. These 41 maize inbred lines, possessing resistance to turcicum leaf blight can be used successfully in developing promising hybrids.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableTurcicum leaf blight (TLB) caused by Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard and Suggs is one of the most important foliar diseases of Maize. Host - plant resistance provides sustainable disease management option. With an objective to identify new source of resistance to TLB, 237 newly developed maize inbred lines were evaluated for two consecutive years at four location in India (Dharwad, Mandya, Almora and Bajaura) under artificially created disease epiphytotics. The disease reaction of individual genotype was rated on 1 - 9 scale. On the basis of pooled mean over locations, 41 inbred lines were found resistant (disease incidence <3.0), 181 inbred lines were moderately resistant (disease incidence 3.1 - 5.0) and 15 inbred lines were moderately susceptible (disease incidence 5.1 - 7.0). Out of 41 inbred lines, 33 lines viz. IMLSB - 57 - 2, IMLSB - 119 - 1, IMLSB - 143 - 1, IMLSB - 205 - 1, IMLSB - 244 - 1, IMLSB - 246 - 2, IMLSB - 266 - 2, IMLSB - 306 - 1, IMLSB - 317 - 1, IMLSB - 334B - 1, IMLSB - 343 - 1, IMLSB - 343 - 2, IMLSB - 380 - 1, IMLSB - 428 - 2, IMLSB - 446 - 2, IMLSB - 475 - 2, IMLSB - 568 - 2, IMLSB - 748 - 1, IMLSB - 801 - 2, IMLSB - 807 - 1, IMLSB - 825 - 2, IMLSB - 955 - 1, IMLSB - 956 - 2, IMLSB - 975 - 2, IMLSB - 976 - 2, IMLSB - 1018 - 1, IMLSB - 1041 - 4 - 1, IMLSB - 1043 - 1 - 1, IMLSB - 1299 - 1, IMLSB - 1299 - 7, IMLSB - 1381, IMLSB - 2034, IMLSB - 2136 were resistant at three locations and across location (mean basis), whereas 8 inbred lines IMLSB - 282 - 2, IMLSB - 310 - 2, IMLSB - 1046 - 3 - 1, IMLSB - 1047 - 1 - 1, IMLSB - 1376, IMLSB - 2051, IMLSB - 2119, IMLSB - 2166 were resistant at two locations and across mean basis. These 41 maize inbred lines, possessing resistance to turcicum leaf blight can be used successfully in developing promising hybrids.Not Availabl