34 research outputs found
Coherently Scattering Atoms from an Excited Bose-Einstein Condensate
We consider scattering atoms from a fully Bose-Einstein condensed gas. If we
take these atoms to be identical to those in the Bose-Einstein condensate, this
scattering process is to a large extent analogous to Andreev reflection from
the interface between a superconducting and a normal metal. We determine the
scattering wave function both in the absence and the presence of a vortex. Our
results show a qualitative difference between these two cases that can be
understood as due to an Aharonov-Bohm effect. It leads to the possibility to
experimentally detect and study vortices in this way.Comment: 5 pages of ReVTeX and 2 postscript figure
The Dark Sides of Social Policy: From Neoliberalism to Resurgent Right-wing Populism
This Forum Debate explores the confluence of neoliberal, populist, conservative and reactionary influences on contemporary ideologies and practices of social policy, with a focus on the poorer peripheries of global
Effects of eight neuropsychiatric copy number variants on human brain structure
peer reviewedMany copy number variants (CNVs) confer risk for the same range of neurodevelopmental symptoms and psychiatric conditions including autism and schizophrenia. Yet, to date neuroimaging studies have typically been carried out one mutation at a time, showing that CNVs have large effects on brain anatomy. Here, we aimed to characterize and quantify the distinct brain morphometry effects and latent dimensions across 8 neuropsychiatric CNVs. We analyzed T1-weighted MRI data from clinically and non-clinically ascertained CNV carriers (deletion/duplication) at the 1q21.1 (n = 39/28), 16p11.2 (n = 87/78), 22q11.2 (n = 75/30), and 15q11.2 (n = 72/76) loci as well as 1296 non-carriers (controls). Case-control contrasts of all examined genomic loci demonstrated effects on brain anatomy, with deletions and duplications showing mirror effects at the global and regional levels. Although CNVs mainly showed distinct brain patterns, principal component analysis (PCA) loaded subsets of CNVs on two latent brain dimensions, which explained 32 and 29% of the variance of the 8 Cohen’s d maps. The cingulate gyrus, insula, supplementary motor cortex, and cerebellum were identified by PCA and multi-view pattern learning as top regions contributing to latent dimension shared across subsets of CNVs. The large proportion of distinct CNV effects on brain morphology may explain the small neuroimaging effect sizes reported in polygenic psychiatric conditions. Nevertheless, latent gene brain morphology dimensions will help subgroup the rapidly expanding landscape of neuropsychiatric variants and dissect the heterogeneity of idiopathic conditions. © 2021, The Author(s)