The clinical features and surgical treatment of acute septic arthritis in Malawian children.

Introduction: Untreated and poorly treated septic arthritis in children is a major cause of orthopaedic pathology in Malawi and the rest of sub Saharan Africa, yet little has been published on its early treatment, or its incidence, clinical features and bacteriology. This is the first prospective study to compare simple aspiration with surgical arthrotomy and lavage. Questions about septic arthritis the thesis will consider: 1. What is the incidence? 2. What are the clinical features? 3. What is the bacteriology? 4. Is there a difference in outcome between treatment by aspiration and arthrotomy with lavage? Methodology: Two studies were performed. The first was an incidence study in a relatively closed population area. The second was a prospective study of 204 patients under the age of 16 with septic arthritis, randomised to treatment by aspiration (group 1) or arthrotomy and lavage (group 2), then followed up clinically, radiologics I ly and haematologically for one year

Aspects of the biology of Mugilids in waters around Port Harcourt, Niger Delta, Nigeria

Aspects of the biology (species composition, Length - Weight relationships, condition factor, fecundity, and sex ratio) of Mugilids in waters around Port-Harcourt, Niger Delta were studied. Of the sampled population of Mugilidae, four species of mullet belonging to two genera were identified; Liza grandisquamus (33.55%), L.falcipinus (28.95%), Mugil curema (19.08%) and M. bananensis (18.42%). The mean sizes of all species ranged from 8.1 - 27.5cm total length and 6.10- 170.23g in weight. There was no significant difference P>0.05 between male and female in all four species in both length and weight. All species exhibited isometric growths while populations of L. grandisquamus and M. bananensis revealed negative allometric and positive functions respectively. There was also no significant variation P>0.05 in the Fulton condition factors between male and female in all species and among species. The highest absolute fecundity value of 211, 793 eggs was recorded in L. grandisquamus with a body weight of 71.80g and the best predictor of fecundity for all species was ovary weight, while males and females did not depart from a 1 : 1 sex ratio in all species

Food habits of Muglids from water around Port Harcourt

The food habits of four species of Muglidae, consisting of Liza grandisquamus, L falcipinus, Mugil curema and , were investigated using the frequency of occurrence and numerical methods of analysis. Also, Relative Gut Length (RGL) of fish specimen measured was calculated from fish gut length. Generally, the food consisted mainly diatoms, blue - green & green algae and detritus. Other food items included annelid, crustacea, nematode, insect parts, dinoflagellates and unidentified organisms. M. curema had the least Species Richness Index (2.827) while L grandisquamus had the highest (4.088). The Shanon - Wiener Diversity Index ranged 0.91 in M. curema to 1.03 in L. falcipinus, while Shanon's Index (HI]) ranged from 2.095 (M. curema) to 2.372(L falcipinus).The male M. bananesis had the least mean RGL of 2.48 ~c 0.17 while female L. falcipinus and L grandisquamus had the highest mean RLG of 3.31 ~c 0.13. The food items observed and the RGL suggest that the muglids studied were herbivorous or omnivorous

Association Between Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) Items and the Incidence Rate of Lower Extremity Stress Fracture

Background: Lower extremity stress fracture injuries are a major cause of morbidity in physically active populations. The ability to screen for modifiable risk factors associated with injury is critical in developing injury-prevention programs.Purpose:To determine if baseline Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) scores are associated with the incidence rate of lower extremity stress fracture.Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 1772 participants with no history of lower extremity stress fracture were included. At preinjury baseline, the authors conducted a lower extremity movement assessment during a jump-landing task using the LESS. Incident lower extremity stress fractures were identified during a 4-year follow-up period. Potential incident cases were reviewed by 2 sports medicine fellowship-trained orthopaedic surgeons blinded to baseline LESS data. Univariate and multivariable Poisson regression models were used to estimate the association between baseline total LESS scores, individual LESS items, and the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of lower extremity stress fracture. Results: A total of 94 incident lower extremity stress fractures were documented, for a 5.3% (95% CI, 4.3%-6.5%) cumulative incidence. The overall LESS score was associated with the incidence rate of lower extremity stress fracture. For every additional movement error documented at baseline, there was a 15% increase in the incidence rate of lower extremity stress fracture (IRR, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.02-1.31]; P = .025). In univariate analyses, ankle flexion, stance width, asymmetrical landing, and trunk flexion at initial contact, in addition to overall impression, were associated with the incidence rate of stress fracture. After controlling for sex and year of entry into the study cohort, participants who consistently landed flat-footed or heel-to-toe were 2.33 times (95% CI, 1.36-3.97; P = .002) more likely to sustain a lower extremity stress fracture. Similarly, participants who consistently demonstrated asymmetric landing at initial contact were 2.53 times (95% CI, 1.34-4.74; P = .004) more likely to sustain a stress fracture. Conclusion: Components of the LESS may be associated with increased lower extremity stress fracture risk and may be helpful in efficiently assessing high-risk lower extremity biomechanics in large groups

Tanya jawab buku ajar ortopedi dan fraktur sistem apley

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