ПРОУЧВАНЕ НА ХИМИЧНАТА НЕЕДНОРОДНОСТ НА КАДМИЙ И ОЛОВО В БИОСФЕРАТА - БИОАКУМУЛАЦИЯ НА КАДМИЙ И ОЛОВО В ОРГАНИЗМА НА МЛАДИ ПРЕЖИВНИ ЖИВОТНИ ОТ АНТРОПОГЕННИ ЕКОСИСТЕМИ С ПОВИШЕН ТЕХНОГЕНЕН КЛАРК

The technogenic Clarc of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) from the upper soil layer and the forage plants in an industrially polluted region, so as the Pb and Cd input in the organism of young lambs and kid by the synthesis of secondary biological production have been investigated. For the synthesis of 1 kg secondary production in the organism of lambs, the input of Pb with the food and drinking water is 6.44 mg and 2.46 mg Cd and in the kid- organism- 21.41 mg Pb and 5.29 mg Cd. The obtained production in conditions of increased technogenic Clarc is with higher content of Pb and Cd, according the maximal admissible levels (EC- regulation 466/2001).Изследвани са технологичният кларк на олово и кадмий в горе н слой на почва и фуражи в индустриално замърсен район, както и постъпленията на олово и кадмий в организма на млади агнета и ярета при синтеза на вторична биологична продукция. За синтеза на 1 kg вторична продукция при агнета, постъпленията от фуража и питейната вода са 6,44 mg олово и 2,46 mg кадмий а в организма на яретата – съответно 21,41 mg олово и 5,29 mg кадмий. Получената в условията на повишен техногенен кларк продукция е с по високо съдържание на олово и кадмий спрямо пределнодопустимите концинтрации (EC regulation 466/2001)

The route of transfer to the human population of lead from contaminated soil close to a smelter in Bulgaria

Past emissions from a non-ferrous smelter at Kuklen, near Plovdiv, in Bulgaria have resulted in very high concentrations of heavy metals, in particular Cd and Pb, in agricultural soils close to the plant. An interdisciplinary research project, initiated under the auspices of the EU INCO-Copernius programme, has included investigation of the principal processes by which the heavy metals are being transferred from the contaminated soils to the children of the village who have abnormally high Cd and Pb blood concentrations. The primary source of Pb in blood is the land close to the smelter which bas elevated concentrations of Pb and which is used to grow food and fodder for livestock. Fodder with Pb concentrations as high as 48 mg/kg is consumed directly by the animals resulting in high Pb concentrations in livers and kidneys. These are then consumed by the human population. The evidence clearly indicates this to be one route of transfer through the food chain. Other, more direct, routes, e.g the use of flour prepared from locally produced grain or the direct ingestion of dust from school playgrounds, the street and homes, may also play an important role

STUDY ON THE CHEMICAL HETEROGENEITY OF CADMIUM AND LEAD IN THE BIOSPHERE - BIOACCUMULATION OF CADMIUM AND LEAD IN THE ORGANISM OF YOUNG RUMINANTS FROM ANTHROPOGENIC ECOSYSTEMS WITH AN INCREASED TECHNOGENIC CLARC

The technogenic Clarc of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) from the upper soil layer and the forage plants in an industrially polluted region, so as the Pb and Cd input in the organism of young lambs and kid by the synthesis of secondary biological production have been investigated. For the synthesis of 1 kg secondary production in the organism of lambs, the input of Pb with the food and drinking water is 6.44 mg and 2.46 mg Cd and in the kid- organism- 21.41 mg Pb and 5.29 mg Cd. The obtained production in conditions of increased technogenic Clarc is with higher content of Pb and Cd, according the maximal admissible levels (EC- regulation 466/2001)

Lead in the blood of children living close to industrial point sources in Bulgaria and Poland

ln Eastern European countries some industrial point sources are still suspected to have unacceptable emission rates of lead that pose a major health risk in particular to children. An interdisciplinary research project under the auspices of the EU had the aims (I) to monitor the current contamination of two industrial zones in Bulgaria and Poland, (2) to relate the Pb levels in ecological strata to the internal exposure of children, (3) to develop public health strategies in order to reduce the health risk by heavy metals. The human monitoring of Pb in Poland did not show increased health risks for the children living in an industrial zone close to Krakow. Bulgarian children, however, exceeded the WHO limit of 100 $\mu$g lead per litre blood by over one hundred percent (240 $\mu$g/1). Samples of soil, fodder and livestock organs showed elevated concentrations of lead. Recent literature results are compared with the findings in Bulgaria and Poland. The sources of the high internal exposure of children are discussed. Public health strategies to prevent mental dysfunction in Bulgarian children at risk include awareness building and social masures