Connectivity beyond the urban community in central Italy

Two significant recent developments concerning the archaeology of Iron Age central Italy call for a fresh analysis of settlement dynamics in the region and their relations vis-à-vis one another. The first development is the reconsideration of ancient urban centres as single entities, and the need, which has mostly been advocated for the Classical and later historical Mediterranean, to examine the systems or networks within which these centres functioned. The second development is the increasing amount of fieldwork-based research in those regions that have been situated at the margins of scholarly interest. New data from such research increasingly allow us to see the networks or systems that linked these regions to better-known ones on the Tyrrhenian coast. Such developments enable us to reassess the importance traditionally given to the core urban area of central Italy, and to offer a more balanced framework for understanding the exchange dynamics among Iron Age Central Italian communities. This chapter intends to do precisely that, and in so doing, its aim is twofold: first, to decentralise central Italy in line with studies on other Mediterranean regions that have similarly dispelled distinctions between core urban areas and non-urban peripheries; second, to shift attention away from evolutionary and other categories towards a perspective that stresses connectivity and patterns of human mobility

Complicité et co-action : Délits sexuels "en groupe" dans la Province de Buenos Aires (1863-1903)

Los crímenes sexuales en general, y la violación en particular, suelen concebirse como una situación que involucra únicamente a dos personas: la víctima y su atacante. Sin embargo, los expedientes judiciales vinculados a estos delitos muestran un universo complejo de actores, que no ;se agota en aquel binomio. El presente trabajo se enfoca en algunas de esas ocasiones donde aquella lógica se demuestra incorrecta, mostrando cómo la justicia lidia con aquel desafío desde el discurso jurídico, analizando imágenes y concepciones que abogados y médicos expresan, afirman ;o discuten en relación al comportamiento esperado de hombres y mujeres, así como la situación de la justicia frente a crímenes que se alejan de la "normalidad" reconocidaOne usually conceives of sex crimes, and particularly of rape, as a situation that involves only two people: the victim and his or her aggressor. However, judicial files in XIXth-century Buenos Aires show a complex universe of people involved in these crimes beyond these two characters. In this work I focus on the cases where more than one person was accused of committing such crimes. I analyse lawyers and forensics' use of images and their conceptions in regard to the expected behaviour of men and women, to understand how the justice system dealt with cases that challenged the "normal" pattern of sex crimesLes crimes sexuels, en général, et le viol en particulier, sont habituellement conçus comme des situations impliquant deux personnes: la victime et son agresseur. Cependant, les dossiers judiciaires de ces crimes et délits dévoilent un univers complexe d'acteurs, au-delà du binôme mentionné. Ce travail s'intéresse à ces situations et montre comment la justice relève le défi depuis le discours juridique. Nous analysons les images et les conceptions que les avocats et médecins déploient, affirment et discutent, en relation avec les comportements attendus des hommes et des femmes, d'une part, et la place de la justice face aux crimes qui s'éloignent de la "normalité" attendue, d'autre partFil: Riva, Betina C.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (UNLP-CONICET); Argentina