Raman spectra of oyster shell biocomposite before and after Cd and Pb adsorption.

Raman spectra of oyster shell biocomposite before and after Cd and Pb adsorption.</p

Fig 1 -

SEM images of (a) Oyster Shell carbon material (b and c) Acid treated oyster shell biocomposite; EDS Images (aˈ-eˈ)Oyster shell biocomposite.</p

Fig 9 -

Pseudo-first-order kinetics model for the adsorption (a) Cd(II); (b) Pb(II) ions; Pseudo-second-order kinetics model for the adsorption (c) Cd(II) (d) Pb(II) ions; Elovich model for the adsorption (e) Cd(II) (f) Pb(II) ions, (g) intraparticle diffusion model for the adsorption of Cd(II) (h) Pb(II) ions on oyster shell biocomposite.</p

Fig 7 -

Plot of (a and b) predicted and actual value of normal distribution and residual value.</p

Fig 6 -

3D surface plot for the interaction of (a) pH and adsorbent dosage (b) pH and temperature (c) adsorbent dose and temperature (d) Adsorbent dose and initial concentration for Cd(II) ion removal (e) pH and adsorbent dosage (f) pH and Initial concentration (g) Adsorbent and initial concentration (h) Adsorbent dose and temperature for Pb(II) ion removal on oyster shell biocomposite.</p

Oyster shell based adsorbent and removal efficiency for heavy metal removal.

Oyster shell based adsorbent and removal efficiency for heavy metal removal.</p

Fig 2 -

FT-IR spectra (a) Oyster shell powder; Oyster shell biocomposite (b) Cd and Pb adsorption on oyster shell biocomposite.</p

Central composite design analysis for biosorption of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺.

Central composite design analysis for biosorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+.</p

TEM of oyster shell biocomposite before and after adsorption of Cd and Pb.

TEM of oyster shell biocomposite before and after adsorption of Cd and Pb.</p

Independent variables and experimental data for the adsorption of Cd and Pb on oystershell biocomposite.

Independent variables and experimental data for the adsorption of Cd and Pb on oystershell biocomposite.</p