320 research outputs found
Longitudinal surveys of Australian youth : active citizenship and the secondary school experience : community participation rates of Australian youth
LSAY is a research program that follows young Australians as they move through secondary school, into further education or training, and into the labour market and adult life. This website provides access to the electronic full text versions of LSAY research reports, from 1996 to present. <br /
Long-term Results after Transfemoral Venous Thrombectomy for Iliofemoral Deep Venous Thrombosis
Existing opportunities to adapt the Rio Grande/Bravo Basin Water Resources Allocation Framework
The study of the Rio Grande/Bravo (RGB) Basin water allocation demonstrates how the United States (U.S.) and Mexico have consolidated a transboundary framework based on water sharing. However, the water supply no longer meets the ever-increasing demand for water or the expectations of different stakeholders. This paper explores opportunities for an enhanced management regime that will address past problems and better examine how to balance demands for a precious resource and environmental needs. Based on an overview of the RGB Basin context and the water allocation framework, as well as a discussion on stakeholdersβ ability to achieve solutions, this paper explores three key questions: (1) Does the current binational water allocation framework meet current and future human and environmental needs? (2) How can the U.S.-Mexico water allocation framework be adapted to balance social and environmental water demands so it can support and preserve the RGB Basin ecosystem? (3) What are the main opportunities to be explored for expanding the U.S.-Mexico water resources allocation framework? The U.S.-Mexico water resources framework is subject to broad interpretation and may be adapted to the circumstances taking the fullest advantage of its flexibility. Policy recommendations highlight the existing flexibility of the binational framework, the potential to move forward with an ad hoc institutional arrangement, and the creation of political will to achieve change through stakeholders recommendations
Crystal chemistry of type paulkerrite and establishment of the paulkerrite group nomenclature
A single-crystal structure determination and refinement has been conducted for the type specimen of paulkerrite. The structure analysis showed that the mineral has monoclinic symmetry, space group P21/c, not orthorhombic, Pbca, as originally reported. The unit-cell parameters are a=10.569(2), b=20.590(4), c=12.413(2)βΓ
, and Ξ²=90.33(3)β. The results from the structure refinement were combined with electron microprobe analyses to establish the empirical structural formula A1[(H2O)0.98K0.02]Ξ£1.00 A2K1.00
M1(Mg1.02Mn0.982+)Ξ£2.00 M2(Fe1.203+Ti0.544+Al0.24Mg0.02)Ξ£2.00 M3(Ti0.744+ Fe0.263+)Ξ£1.00 (PO4)4.02βX[O1.21F0.47(OH)0.32]Ξ£2.00(H2O)10ββ
β3.95H2O, which leads to the end-member formula (H2O)KMg2Fe2Ti(PO4)4(OF)(H2O)10ββ
β4H2O.
A proposal for a paulkerrite group, comprising orthorhombic members benyacarite, mantiennΓ©ite, pleysteinite, and hochleitnerite and monoclinic members paulkerrite and rewitzerite, has been approved by the International Mineralogical Association's Commission for New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification. The general formulae are A2M12M22M3(PO4)4X2(H2O)10ββ
β4H2O and A1A2M12M22M3(PO4)4X2(H2O)10ββ
β4H2O for orthorhombic and monoclinic species, respectively, where A=βK, H2O, β‘β(=βvacancy); M1β=βMn2+, Mg, Fe2+, Zn (rarely Fe3+); M2 and M3β=βFe3+, Al, Ti4+ (and very rarely Mg); X=βO, OH, F. In monoclinic species, K and H2O show an ordering at the A1 and A2 sites, whereas O, (OH), and F show a disordering over the two non-equivalent X1 and X2 sites, which were hence merged as X2 in the general formula. In both monoclinic and orthorhombic species, a high degree of mixing of Fe3+, Al, and Ti occurs at the M2 and M3 sites of paulkerrite group members, making it difficult to get unambiguous end-member formulae from the structural determination of the constituents at individual sites. To deal with this problem an approach has been used that involves merging the compositions at the M2 and M3 sites and applying the site-total-charge method. The merged-site approach allows end-member formulae to be obtained directly from the chemical analysis without the need to conduct crystal-structure refinements to obtain the individual site species.</p
ΠΠ°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅
ΠΡΠ°Π²ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΎΡΠ·ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ
Micron- to nano-scale intergrowths among members of the cuprobismutite series and paderaite: HRTEM and microanalytical evidence
Copyright Β© 2004 The Mineralogical SocietyCoherent intergrowths, at the lattice scale, between cuprobismutite (N = 2) and structurally related padraite along both major axes (15 Γ
and 17 Γ
repeats) of the two minerals are reported within skarn from Ocna de Fier, Romania. The structural subunit, DTD, 3 layers of padraite, is involved at interfaces of the two minerals along the 15 Γ
repeat, as well as in transposition of 1 padraite unit to 2 cuprobismutite units along the 17 Γ
repeat in slip defects. Lattice images obtained by HRTEM across intervals of 200 -400 nm show short- to long-range stacking sequences of cuprobismutite and padraite ribbons. Such nanoscale slabs mimic Β΅m-scale intergrowths observed in back-scattered electron images at three orders of magnitude greater. These slabs are compositionally equivalent to intermediaries in the cuprobismutite-padraite range encountered during microanalysis. Hodrushite (N = 1.5) is identified in the Β΅m-scale intergrowths, but its absence in the lattice images indicates that, in this case, formation of polysomes between structurally related phases is favoured instead of stacking disorder among cuprobismutite homologues. The tendency for short-range ordering and semi-periodic occurrence of polysomes suggests they are the result of an oscillatory chemical signal with periodicity varying from one to three repeats of 15 Γ
, rather than simple 'accidents' or irregular structural defects. Lead distribution along the polysomes is modelled as an output signal modulated by the periodicity of stacking sequences, with Pb carried within the D units of padraite. This type of modulator acts as a patterning operator activated by chemical waves with amplitudes that encompass the chemical difference between the minerals. Conversion of the padraite structural subunit DTD to the C unit of cuprobismutite, conserving interval width, emphasizes that polysomatic modularity also assists interference of chemical signals with opposite amplitudes. Observed coarsening of lattice-scale intergrowths up to the Β΅m-scale implies coupling between diffusion-controlled structural modulation, and rhythmic precipitation at the skarn front during crystallization.C.L. Ciobanu, A. Pring and N.J. Coo
State Capacity and the Environmental Investment Gap in Authoritarian States
We construct an n-period, constrained optimization model where the authoritarian ruler maximizes expected rents subject to budget constraint of available surplus. We show that the larger state capacity is in the previous period, the worse environmental quality will be in the next period: while infrastructural investment and environmental protection increase with state capacity, the former increases at a faster rate which enlarges the gap between the two?the environmental investment gap. Given infrastructural public goods typically damage the environment, the larger this gap is the worse the environmental quality would be. This follows from rulers? optimizing logic of equating marginal returns once we assume the declining marginal productivity of factors of production of surplus. We model three types of air and water pollutants in autocracies as a function of state capacity and other relevant variables. State capacity is associated with higher levels of all three types of pollutants
Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡ Π΅ΠΌΡ Active Directory ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Ρ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡ Microsoft Management Console
ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ "Π Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ Active Directory". ΠΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π» Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ LDIF Π·Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ Active Directory Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ².To extend the scheme, the application "Active Directory Schema Extension" was developed. The application provides the functionality of automatically generating LDIF records for creating and modifying the Active Directory schema with the ability to retrieve and use a list of existing objects
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