FUZZY DOMINATION OF FUZZY SOFT GRAPH

Fuzzy soft set are presented by creator Molodtsov, which is tackle uncertain issues in the field of differentcultural, environment, economic and Medicinal studies. Graph theory fills in as a numerical framework to speak to double connection and Fuzzy set began with fundamental Article introduced by Zadeh in 1965. Theory of Fuzzy Graphs was presented by AzrielRosenfied in 1975. In spite of the fact that it is youthful it has been becoming quick and has humevous applications in fluctuates fields. The idea of in fuzzy graphs are presented by A. Somasundaram. The domination theoryhas been the core of research movement in graph theory as of late. The quickest developing zone inside graph theory is an investigation of and related subset issues such covering, independence, decomposition, marking and matching. This research Study gives the idea of Fuzzy graphs domination is presented in an alternate methodology

ELEMENTS OF POINT SET TOPOLOGY

Point set topology are terse introduction to the topological concepts used in economic theory. Topology is a basic mathematical field that deals with geometric properties, continuity, and boundary in relation to subspaces. Tynchonoff’s theorem is classified as of the topology theore

NORMAL FUZZY SUB GROUPS

Given a fuzzy subgroup

FUZZY DOMINATION OF FUZZY SOFT GRAPH

Fuzzy soft set are presented by creator Molodtsov, which is tackle uncertain issues in the field of differentcultural, environment, economic and Medicinal studies. Graph theory fills in as a numerical framework to speak to double connection and Fuzzy set began with fundamental Article introduced by Zadeh in 1965. Theory of Fuzzy Graphs was presented by AzrielRosenfied in 1975. In spite of the fact that it is youthful it has been becoming quick and has humevous applications in fluctuates fields. The idea of in fuzzy graphs are presented by A. Somasundaram. The domination theoryhas been the core of research movement in graph theory as of late. The quickest developing zone inside graph theory is an investigation of and related subset issues such covering, independence, decomposition, marking and matching. This research Study gives the idea of Fuzzy graphs domination is presented in an alternate methodolog

Improving DTN Routing Performance Using Many-to-Many Communication: A Performance Modeling Study

Abstract-Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs) have emerged as an exciting research area with a number of useful applications. Most of these applications would benefit greatly by a reduction in the message delivery delay experienced in the network. The delay performance of DTNs is adversely affected by contention, especially severe in the presence of higher traffic rates and node densities. Many-to-Many (M2M) communication can handle this contention much better than traditional oneto-one communication employing CSMA. In this paper, for the first time, we analytically model the expected delivery delay of a DTN employing epidemic routing and M2M communication. The accuracy of our model is demonstrated by matching the analytical results against those from simulations. We also show using simulations that M2M communication significantly improves the delay performance (with respect to one-to-one CSMA) for highcontention scenarios. We believe our work will enable the effective application of M2M communication to reduce delivery delays in DTNs

Illustrating a new global-scale approach to estimating potential reduction in fish species richness due to flow alteration

Changes in river discharge due to human activities and climate change would affect the sustainability of freshwater ecosystems. To globally assess how changes in river discharge will affect the future status of freshwater ecosystems, global-scale hydrological simulations need to be connected with a model to estimate the durability of freshwater ecosystems. However, the development of this specific modelling combination for the global scale is still in its infancy. In this study, two statistical methods are introduced to link flow regimes to fish species richness (FSR): one is based on a linear relationship between FSR and mean river discharge (hereafter, FSR-MAD method), and the other is based on a multi-linear relationship between FSR and ecologically relevant flow indices involving several other flow characteristics and mean river discharge (FSR-FLVAR method). The FSR-MAD method has been used previously in global simulation studies. The FSR-FLVAR method is newly introduced here. These statistical methods for estimating FSR were combined with a set of global river discharge simulations to evaluate the potential impact of climate-change-induced flow alterations on FSR changes. Generally, future reductions in FSR with the FSR-FLVAR method are greater and much more scattered than with the FSR-MAD method. In arid regions, both methods indicate reductions in FSR because mean discharge is projected to decrease from past to future, although the magnitude of reductions in FSR is different between the two methods. In contrast, in heavy-snow regions a large reduction in FSR is shown by the FSR-FLVAR method due to increases in the frequency of low and high flows. Although further research is clearly needed to conclude which method is more appropriate, this study demonstrates that the FSR-FLVAR method could produce considerably different results when assessing the global role of flow alterations in changing freshwater ecosystems

Prevalence of Campylobacter Species in Adult Crohn's Disease and the Preferential Colonization Sites of Campylobacter Species in the Human Intestine

INTRODUCTION: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A high prevalence of Campylobacter concisus was previously detected in paediatric CD and adult UC. Currently, the prevalence of C. concisus in adult CD and the preferential colonization sites of Campylobacter species in the human intestine are unknown. In this study, we examined the prevalence of Campylobacter species in biopsies collected from multiple anatomic sites of adult patients with IBD and controls. METHODS: Three hundred and one biopsies collected from ileum, caecum, descending colon and rectum of 28 patients IBD (15 CD and 13 UC) and 33 controls were studied. Biopsies were used for DNA extraction and detection of Campylobacter species by PCR-sequencing and Campylobacter cultivation. RESULTS: A significantly higher prevalence of C. concisus in colonic biopsies of patients with CD (53%) was detected as compared with the controls (18%). Campylobacter genus-PCR positivity and C. concisus positivity in patients with UC were 85% and 77% respectively, being significantly higher than that in the controls (48% and 36%). C. concisus was more often detected in descending colonic and rectal biopsies from patients with IBD in comparison to the controls. C. concisus was isolated from patients with IBD. CONCLUSION: The high intestinal prevalence of C. concisus in patients with IBD, particularly in the proximal large intestine, suggests that future studies are needed to investigate the possible involvement of C. concisus in a subgroup of human IBD. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the association between adult CD and C. concisus as well as the first study of the preferential colonization sites of C. concisus in the human intestine

Role of RNA interference (RNAi) in dengue virus replication and identification of NS4B as an RNAi suppressor

RNA interference (RNAi) is an important antiviral defense response in plants and invertebrates; however, evidences for its contribution to mammalian antiviral defense are few. In the present study, we demonstrate the anti-dengue virus role of RNAi in mammalian cells. Dengue virus infection of Huh 7 cells decreased the mRNA levels of host RNAi factors, namely, Dicer, Drosha, Ago1, and Ago2, and in corollary, silencing of these genes in virus-infected cells enhanced dengue virus replication. In addition, we observed downregulation of many known human microRNAs (miRNAs) in response to viral infection. Using reversion-of-silencing assays, we further showed that NS4B of all four dengue virus serotypes is a potent RNAi suppressor. We generated a series of deletion mutants and demonstrated that NS4B mediates RNAi suppression via its middle and C-terminal domains, namely, transmembrane domain 3 (TMD3) and TMD5. Importantly, the NS4B N-terminal region, including the signal sequence 2K, which has been implicated in interferon (IFN)-antagonistic properties, was not involved in mediating RNAi suppressor activity. Site-directed mutagenesis of conserved residues revealed that a Phe-to-Ala (F112A) mutation in the TMD3 region resulted in a significant reduction of the RNAi suppression activity. The green fluorescent protein (GFP)-small interfering RNA (siRNA) biogenesis of the GFP-silenced line was considerably reduced by wild-type NS4B, while the F112A mutant abrogated this reduction. These results were further confirmed by in vitro dicer assays. Together, our results suggest the involvement of miRNA/RNAi pathways in dengue virus establishment and that dengue virus NS4B protein plays an important role in the modulation of the host RNAi/miRNA pathway to favor dengue virus replication