Excess air in the noble gas groundwater paleothermometer: A new model based on diffusion in the gas phase

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/95411/1/grl24964.pd

Hybridation opérationnelle des logiques OWL2 et ASP pour améliorer l'expressivité déclarative

National audienceAs part of an activity recommendation tool dedicated to therapeutic patient education, we proposed the ORALOoS solution combining OWL2 + SWRL, augmented with the Python Owlready module. The use of the imperative code makes it possible to overcome certain limitations of expressiveness, such as the absence of negation in the SWRL rules. However, it strongly counterbalances the declarative character of the approach allowed by OWL2. While preserving this characteristic, we present a solution to replace the SWRL rules and the imperative code by a program in Answer Set Programming. This idea is not new, but few studies have led to truly operational solutions in an industrial context. Our proposal is suggested in two steps : 1) use of the Hexlite solver which gives good results in terms of declarative expressiveness but remains difficult to operate with, and 2) development of a new operational library, hybridizing OWL2 and ASP with features similar to Hexlite but easy to use.Dans le cadre d'un outil de recommandation d'activités dédié à l'éducation thérapeutique du patient, nous avons proposé la solution ORALOoS combinant OWL2 + SWRL, augmentée du module Python Owlready. L'usage de code impératif permet de pallier certaines limitations d'expressivité, comme l'absence de négation dans les règles SWRL. Cependant, il contrebalance fortement le caractère déclaratif de l'approche permis par OWL2. Tout en préservant cette caractéristique, nous présentons une solution pour remplacer règles SWRL et code impératif par un programme en Answer Set Programming. Cette idée n'est pas nouvelle mais peu de travaux ont abouti à des solutions réellement opérationnelles dans un contexte industriel. Notre proposition est abordée en deux étapes : 1) utilisation du solveur Hexlite qui donne de bons résultats en termes d'expressivité déclarative mais reste difficile à mettre en oeuvre, et 2) développement d'une nouvelle librairie opérationnelle, hybridant OWL2 et ASP avec des fonctionnalités similaires à Hexlite mais d'un usage facilité

Testing noble gas temperature systematics in the field with an instrumented monitoring well

accession Number : ISI:000257301602354International audienc

Extraction methods in bovine obstetrics: comparison of the demanded energy and importance of calf and traction

In a previous study we could demonstrate that in terms of the required forces alternate traction is preferable to simultaneous traction for the obstetrical delivery of calves. The aims of this study were to examine the required energies for delivery of calves and to compare the effects of the factors of calf and traction method on the forces and energies required for the delivery. In a biomechanical in vitro model 12 stillborn Holstein-Friesian calves were pulled through the pelvic specimen of a cow at a controlled speed using two electric motors. Traction was applied simultaneously (ST) to both legs or alternately (AT) to one leg at a time to advance it 10 cm (AT 10) or 5 cm (AT5). Energies on each limb were measured digitally using load cells. The lowest energy for the entrance of the elbows in the pelvis was necessary using AT10 (19.9 ± 7.2 kJ, P < 0.05). In contrast, for the entrance of the chest, AT10 (104.9 ± 24.7 kJ) demanded 9% (P < 0.01) and 16% (P < 0.001) more energy than AT5 (96.7 ± 21.0 kJ) and ST (90.5 ± 24.9 kJ), respectively. Simultaneous traction tended to be better than AT5 (P = 0.09). Variance component estimates revealed that the factor calf contributed the main effect to the emerging forces and required energy. The traction method was responsible for up to 13% of the variance in most of the cases, but it accounted for 42% of the variance regarding the forces on the lower limb as the chest entered the pelvis. Based on these findings, the decision of the clinician whether or not to perform a manual traction should depend mainly on the calf. However, when such a decision has been made, alternate limb traction, 10 cm at a time, should be used until both elbows have entered the pelvis and a simultaneous traction should then be applied to complete extraction of the chest

Extraction forces in bovine obstetrics: an in vitro study investigating alternate and simultaneous traction modes

Whether extraction of a calf in longitudinal anterior presentation should be carried out by simultaneous or alternate traction on the forelimbs remains controversial. Because most recommendations are based on empirical observations rather than on scientific studies, the aim of this study was to develop an in vitro model to objectively compare the forces occurring during alternate and simultaneous traction. In a biomechanical in vitro model, 12 dead Holstein-Friesian (Bos taurus) calves were pulled through the prepared pelvic specimen of a cow at a controlled speed using two electric motors. Traction was applied simultaneously (ST) to both legs or alternately (AT) to one leg at a time to advance the calf 5 cm (AT 5) or 10 cm (AT 10). Forces on each limb were measured digitally using load cells. In all cases, two peaks of maximum force occurred during the extraction of the cranial part of the body. The first peak was observed when the elbows were pulled into the pelvis, and the second peak occurred when the chest emerged from the pelvis. Up to and including entry of the elbows into the pelvis, the maximum force on a single limb (341+/-106 N) was lowest (P0.05). During extraction of the thorax, the maximum force acting on a single limb was lower (P<0.0001) using ST (352+/-98 N) compared with AT5 (432+/-79 N) and AT10 (547+/-115 N). Based on these findings, alternate-limb traction, 10 cm at a time, should be used until both elbows have entered the pelvis. Simultaneous traction should then be applied to both forelimbs to complete extraction of the chest