The Paternalistic Eye: Senator Edwin Johnson and the U.S. Television Freeze

This study examines Senator Edwin Johnson’s involvement with the television freeze in the United States from 1948 to 1952. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) instituted the freeze after postwar applications for television licenses far outstripped the capability of the VHF band to hold stations. During the freeze, Johnson, who was chair of the Senate Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee, pressured the FCC to approve CBS’s non-compatible color system and to move broadcasting to the UHF band as a way to counteract RCA’s patent dominance in monochrome VHF broadcasting. To this end, the senator corresponded with the FCC chair, industry leaders, members of the media and the general public, and also set up his own committee to study the status of colour television technology. His position as commerce committee chair gave him a unique bully pulpit from which he was able to say and do things that FCC commissioners could not. Unencumbered by pressures from the industry or by congressional or executive oversight, Johnson was not afraid to make use of his status to take high-profile stands that were often at odds with the commission and, especially, powerful interests in the broadcast industry

“We Need This Television Just Like Any Other American Citizen”: The Battle Over Western TV Boosters, 1952-1961

In the wake of the Federal Communication Commission\u27s 1952 Sixth Report and Order, which established plans for a nationwide television system, it became clear that traditional station allocations could not provide service to many isolated mountainous regions. Thus enterprising tinkerers, appliance store operators, and others set up so-called booster stations to broadcast the signals of urban stations into isolated western towns. However, the FCC wanted the boosters shut down, contending that they threatened the overall television allocation plan and could potentially create dangerous interference. Booster operators and viewers who depended on them were able to enlist the help of Western congressmen and governors to plead their case. Ultimately, the FCC was forced several times to backtrack on booster prohibitions, ultimately approving their operation in 1960

The life history of walleye (Sander vitreus) in Honeoye Lake, New York

The natural reproductive potential of adult walleye in Honeoye Lake was not understood prior to this study. Over 8 million walleye fry are stocked into Honeoye annually and are thought to be the only recruitment source to the adult walleye population. The objectives of my study were to: 1) identify seasonal movement patterns of adult walleye, 2) find and describe spawning locations and habitats using radio telemetry and an underwater camera, and 3) document the presence of naturally produced fry and fingerlings. Twenty-three adult walleye were implanted and tracked for 2.5 years. Walleye established relatively small home ranges (24.2-187.8 ha) and tended to move more during the spawning season (149 m/d) compared to the rest of the year (37 m/d). Eight walleye were captured in, entered or re-entered the Honeoye Inlet channel during the 2002 or 2003 spawning seasons. The other implanted walleye remained in the lake during the spawning season, concentrating near their capture and release sites on the southeastern shore, over apparently unsuitable spawning habitat. No walleye eggs were collected in Honeoye Lake or the Honeoye Inlet channel during the study period, nor were a successful natural walleye hatch detected in 2002 or 2003. Implanted walleye exhibited navigational, homing and site fidelity behaviors in Honeoye Lake. Based on this research I make the following recommendations : I) the Honeoye Inlet channel, Honeoye Inlet Stream and near shore lentic areas should be evaluated for potentially suitable spawning habitat according to the Habitat Suitability Index (HSI), and 2) given the site fidelity of adult walleye, fry stocking should be focused on areas of suitable substrate for spawning

No-vent fill pressurization tests using a cryogen simulant

The results are described of an experimental program which studied the performance of various no-vent fill techniques for tank-to-tank liquid transfer. The tests were performed using a cryogen simulant (Freon-114) and a test bed consisting of a multiple tank/plumbing network that enabled studies of a variety of different inlet flow and active mixing regimes. Several results and conclusions were drawn from the 26 transfer experiments comprising the program. Most notable was the significant improvement in fill performance (i.e., minimized fill time and maximized fill fraction) with increased agitation of the liquid surface. Another was the close correlation between measured condensation rates and those predicted by recent theories which express condensation as a function of turbulent eddy effects on the liquid surface. In most cases, test data exhibited strong agreement with an analytical model which accounts for tank heat transfer and thermodynamics in a 1 g environment

Optimal guidance and control of heterogeneous swarms for in-orbit self-assembly of large space structures: Algorithms and experiments

Satellite design has been harshly constrained by surviving entry into space though the majority of the satellite's lifetime exists in much calmer conditions. Significant study has recently gone into assembling satellites and space structures in-orbit. Several methods have been proposed involving an assembler robot or astronaut which puts the parts together, but in the interest of saving resources we believe that it is advantageous to make this process autonomous and robust by leveraging existing optimal guidance and control schemes for a self-assembling swarm. This approach avoids single-point failures, requires significantly less ground support, provides increased reliability due to redundancy, increased flexibility, the ability to reconfigure for future missions, and the ability to self-repair. Since the satellites required could be mass-produced from a small set of different component types, the benefit from economy of scale would reduce the overall mission cost when compared to monolithic satellites. This dissertation details an optimal guidance and control scheme to enable in-orbit self-assembly of a large structure from a heterogeneous swarm of satellites. In the proposed scheme, the component satellites for the heterogeneous swarm are chosen to promote flexibility in final shape inspired by crystal structures and Islamic tile art. After the ideal fundamental building blocks are selected, basic nanosatellite-class satellite designs are presented to enable accurate attitude control simulations. The Swarm Orbital Construction Algorithm (SOCA) is a guidance and control algorithm that allows for the limited type heterogeneity and docking ability required for in-orbit assembly. The algorithm was tested in a simulated perturbed 6-DOF spacecraft dynamic environment for planar and out-of-plane final structures. The algorithm is then experimentally validated coarsely on omnidirectional wheeled robots and precisely on-board the M-STAR robots in the precision flat floor facility in the Caltech Aerospace Robotics and Control lab, the largest of its kind at any university. In support of this effort, a better way of handling nonlinear dynamics constraints within sequential convex programs was developed. SCP is a useful tool in obtaining real-time solutions to direct optimal control, but it is unable to adequately model nonlinear dynamics due to the linearization and discretization required. As nonlinear program solvers are not yet functioning in real-time, a tool is needed to bridge the gap between satisfying the nonlinear dynamics and completing execution fast enough to be useful. Two methods are proposed, sequential convex programming with nonlinear dynamics correction (SCPn) and modified SCPn (M-SCPn), which mixes SCP and SCPn to reduce runtime and improve algorithmic robustness. Both methods are proven to generate optimal state and control trajectories that satisfy the nonlinear dynamics. Simulations are presented to validate the efficacy of the methods as compared to SCP. In addition, several autonomous rendezvous and docking (AR&D) technologies were studied because in-orbit self-assembly requires repeated, reliable autonomous docking to ensure success. Docking small satellites in space is a high-risk operation due to the uncertainty in relative position and orientation and the lack of mature docking technologies. This is particularly true for missions that involve multiple docking and undocking procedures like swarm-based construction and reconfiguration. A tether-based docking system was evaluated in simulation as compared to traditional propulsive methods. The tether-based method provides a way to reduce the risk of the dock, since the docking maneuver is performed with a much smaller satellite and the reeling maneuver can be done gently. Tether-based methods still require some actuation on the docking end of the tether, and propulsion on such small systems is inexact. An electromagnetic docking system was investigated to address these issues. Designed with reconfigurable self-assembly in mind, the gripping mechanism is androgynous, able to dock at a variety of relative orientations, and tolerant of small misalignments. The electromagnetic system can be used either on the end of a tether or on the main spacecraft itself since the electromagnet is well controlled and the measurement of the ambient electromagnetic field can be used as to improve the intersatellite distance estimate enough to reduce the risk of docking to the main spacecraft. The performance of this system was validated experimentally on-board the M-STARs. The performance of the electromagnetic docking system on-board the simulators is then compared against a propulsive docking system tested in the same way. Overall, this dissertation provides optimal guidance and control algorithms for nonlinear systems to enable in-orbit self-assembly of heterogeneous swarms

How Do I Know? A Guide to the Selection of Personal Protective Equipment for Use in Responding to A Release of Chemical Warfare Agents

An incident involving chemical warfare agents requires a unique hazardous materials (HAZMAT) response. As with an HAZMAT event, federal regulations prescribe that responders must be protected from exposure to the chemical agents. But unlike other HAZMAT events, special considerations govern selection of personal protective equipment (PPE). PPE includes all clothing, respirators and monitoring devices used to respond to a chemical release. PPE can differ depending on whether responders are military or civilian personnel

A survey to find the preferences and probable art needs for the sixth grade child in the state of Indiana

Not Available.Lyman C. FoustNot ListedNot ListedMaster of ScienceDepartment Not ListedCunningham Memorial library, Terre Haute, Indiana State University.isua-thesis-1936-foustMastersTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages: contains 135p. : ill. Includes appendix and bibliography