Design and development of smart interoperable electric vehicle supply equipment for electric mobility

The transportation industry at present is moving towards electrification and the number of electric vehicles in the market increased with the different policies of the directorate. Consumers, who wish to contribute to green mobility are concerned about the limited availability of charging points due to high manufacturing costs and the interoperability issues related to smart charging. This work proposes an Internet of things-based low-cost, interoperable smart electric vehicle supply equipment for deploying in all charging stations. The device hardware is designed to monitor, analyze, and collect consumed energy by the vehicle and transfer this data to a connected network. The pre-defined messages associated with the firmware will help to record this data with a remote management server for further processing. The messages are defined in JavaScript Object Notation (JSON), which helps to overcome the interoperability issue. The device is smart because it can gather energy usage, detect device faults, and be intimate with the controller for a better operational environment. The associated management servers and mobile applications help to operate the smart device remotely and keep track of the usage statics. The developed low-cost, interoperable smart model is most suitable for two and three-wheeler vehicles

Finite Element Analysis of Micro Wave Tower With Different Sections

The communication industries have seen a tremendous increase in last few years .The four legged self supporting towers are widely used in worldwide for the communication purposes. Which have resulted in installation of large number of towers to increase the coverage area and network consistency. The project is done to describes the analysis and design of microwave tower of 60 meter height with different cross section (I, C, Hollow circular section) for seismic along with the wind effect. Validation of finite element model was done by performing two-bar truss analysis by finite element computation using ANSYS. This study intends to implement finite element analysis via mechanical APDL package of ANSYS to the structure that is subjected to wind and seismic load. The structure was modeled by using CATIA software. ANSYS result of tower structure with hollow circular section produces least displacement and shear stress than I and channel sections

A delve into the menstrual problems in teenagers: a cross sectional study in an urban school in Kerala, India

Background: Onset of menstruation (menarche) is an important milestone in the adolescent girl associated with physical, psychological and social changes. Majority of the girls experience menstrual problems during this period making it even more stressful to handle. Many factors are considered to contribute to these problems of which some may be modifiable. This study was conducted to identify the menstrual problems experienced by young school girls in an urban school in Kerala and to look at any modifiable factors.Methods: Data was collected from girls belonging to the age group of 13 -18 years from an urban private school in Kerala. A detailed semi-structured questionnaire was filled by each student who participated in the study. Information regarding age of menarche, menstrual irregularities, heavy menstrual bleeding, and dysmenorrhoea. BMI of each student was calculated.Results: The mean age of menarche was 12.05 years. The mean weight at menarche was 40.74kg (SD±6.66). 24 girls (21.86%) reported to have irregular menstrual cycles, 76 girls (68.47%) had menstrual cycles coming between 24-35days. 22 girls (19.82%) had cycles between 36-45 days. 11 girls (9.91%) had >45 days duration cycles. 18 girls (16.22%) reported prolonged menstrual flow of  >7 days, and 2 girls (1.8%) had scanty flow. 9 girls (8.1%) reported heavy blood loss. 60 girls (54.1%) reported to have moderate flow. 42 girls (37.8%) had mild blood loss. Mild to moderate dysmenorrhoea was reported in 61girls (54.9%), 17 girl (15.3%) reported severe dysmenorrhoea.Conclusions: Menstrual disturbances still pose an important problem in the life of an adolescent. Reproductive awareness programmes should be made more accessible to the adolescents

Acute pain abdomen in adolescents: a gynecologist’s dilemma

Background: Ovarian torsion is 5th most common emergency in gynecology. Benign functional ovarian cysts and benign teratomas are most common among ovarian torsion. Aims and objectives were to study the outcome and HPE of all adolescent girls presenting with acute pain abdomen at BGS GIMS, Bangalore. Methods: A study was conducted at BGS GIMS from 2020 to 2022 of all children and adolescents presenting with acute pain abdomen. Study included data consisting of age, complaints, investigations, intervention and HPE was collected and analysed. Results: There were 21 cases between 12- and 21-years age group who presented with acute pain abdomen in the study period. Majority of them were of 16-19 years age group. Out of 21 cases, 100% of them presented with acute pain abdomen. Operative procedures included 15 (71%) exploratory laparotomy and 6 (29%) operative laparoscopies. Ovarian torsion was seen in 11 cases of which 2 cases had bilateral ovarian torsion and 9 cases had unilateral torsion. Ovarian cystectomy was done in 7 patients, unilateral oophorectomy in 3 patients and unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in 6 patients. Histopathology reports showed 5 cases of serous cystadenoma, 1 case of teratoma and others were mostly simple cyst or corpus luteal cysts. Conclusions: Acute pain abdomen in adoloscents should be diagnosed early to prevent from risk of ovarian torsions. Operative procedures should aim at fertility preservation.

Closing of the Krishna Basin: irrigation, streamflow depletion and macroscale hydrology

River basins / Physical geography / Climate / Stream flow / Hydrology / Rainfall runoff relationships / Evapotranspiration / Irrigation programs / Water allocation / Water transfer / Environmental effects / Water quality / India / Krishna River / Andhra Pradesh / Maharashtra / Karnataka

P16 expression and clinicopathological features of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Background: There is an epidemiological shift in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) attributable to HPV infection. HPV positive HNSCC has unique biology, risk factors, clinicopathological characteristics and outcome. There is a large variation in the published prevalence of HPV-related HNSCCs in India ranging from 7 to 78.7%. This study aims to find the P16 expression in the oral cavity and oropharyngeal SCC, thereby prevalence of HPV in our setting and to define the clinicopathological characteristics of HPV positive tumours in our setting.Methods: 210 specimens of primary Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and Oropharyngeal Squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) were included. Immunohistochemistry was done using monoclonal mouse p16 antibody. Clinical details of each case were collected. Analysis was done using SPSS software and the association of P16 and clinicopathological variables were calculated using Fishers exact test.Results: P16 positive expression is observed only in 1/122 (0.82%) of OSCC and 8/88 (9%) of OPSCC. P16 positivity showed significant association with Grade of tumor (p= 0.008) and histological variant of SCC (p=0.00). 77.7% of P16 positive tumours are Grade 2 and 66.6% of Basaloid SCC was P16 positive. There is no significant association between p16 expression and other variables (subsite, age, gender, alcoholism, smoking, betel chewing and stage).Conclusions: P16 positivity was higher in oropharyngeal than in oral cancer. However, the HPV positivity rates are lower than other parts of India

AN ANTIMICROBIAL PHTHALATE DERIVATIVE FROM BACILLUS CEREUS, THE SYMBIOTIC BACTERIUM ASSOCIATED WITH A NOVEL ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODE, RHABDITIS (OSCHEIUS) SP

Objective: To isolate and identify the bioactive metabolites from the culture filtrates of a bacterium (Bacillus cereus) symbiotically associated with a novel entomopathogenic nematode Rhabditis (Oscheius) species.Methods: The bacterium was cultured in three different media and the antimicrobial activity was determined by the well diffusion assay. The ethyl acetate extract of the cell free culture filtrate was then purified by silica gel column chromatography and thin layer chromatography. Identification of the active metabolite was done with HPLC, GC-MS and LC-MS.Results: The cell free culture filtrate of a nematode symbiotic bacterium showed both antibacterial and antifungal activities. Fermentation conditions were standardized and optimum antibacterial activity was observed in tryptic soy broth at 72 h of incubation at 30 °C. When the ethyl acetate extract was purified by silica gel column chromatography and thin layer chromatography, an active fraction was obtained which was subjected to HPLC analysis along with GC-MS and LC-MS leading to the identification of a major compound Bis (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate. The compound was active against Gram positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis MTCC2756, Staphylococus aureus MTCC902, Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli MTCC 2622 and fungi such as Aspergillus flavus MTCC277, Candida albicans MTCC183, Fusarium oxysporum MTCC 284, Rhizoctonia solani MTCC 4634.Conclusion: Bis (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate was identified as one of the metabolites produced by a nematode symbiotic bacterium associated with a novel entomopathogenic nematode Rhabditis (Oscheius) species. Thus similar compounds isolated from novel entomopathogenic bacteria would pave the way for identifying new drugs for the pharmaceutical and agricultural sector.Â

Antibacterial Properties of Citric Acid/β-Alanine Carbon Dots against Gram-Negative Bacteria

While multi-drug resistance in bacteria is an emerging concern in public health, using carbon dots (CDs) as a new source of antimicrobial activity is gaining popularity due to their antimicrobial and non-toxic properties. Here we prepared carbon dots from citric acid and β-alanine and demonstrated their ability to inhibit the growth of diverse groups of Gram-negative bacteria, including E. coli, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, Agrobacterium, and Pectobacterium species. Carbon dots were prepared using a one-pot, three-minute synthesis process in a commercial microwave oven (700 W). The antibacterial activity of these CDs was studied using the well-diffusion method, and their minimal inhibitory concentration was determined by exposing bacterial cells for 20 h to different concentrations of CDs ranging from 0.5 to 10 mg/mL. Our finding indicates that these CDs can be an effective alternative to commercially available antibiotics. We also demonstrated the minimum incubation time required for complete inhibition of bacterial growth, which varied depending on bacterial species. With 15-min incubation time, A. tumefaciens and P. aeruginosa were the most sensitive strains, whereas E. coli and S. enterica were the most resistant bacterial strains requiring over 20 h incubation with CDs

A study to evaluate the efficacy of cranberry extract supplements in prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections in female patients

Background: Recurrence of urinary tract infections (UTI) are either due to re infection or relapse. Overall likelihood of developing UTI is approximately 30 times higher in women than men due to their anatomical peculiarities. The objective was to evaluate efficacy of cranberry extract supplementations in prevention of recurrent UTI in female patients, assess the quality of life of patients, medication adherence of patients and effect of patient counselling.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 6 months and samples were taken from the Urology Department of Cosmopolitan Hospital, Trivandrum, Kerala. The selected patients were administered with cranberry extract supplements after their regular Antibiotic therapy and were observed for recurrence for a period of six months. Three follow ups were taken and the betterment was assessed using the score from prepared proforma.Results: 84 patients were analysed and among them we observed and concluded that 86.9% of patients were free of recurrent infection. Study shows that E. coli was the commonest infectious organism causing UTI. In this study the most commonly observed symptom of UTI was lower abdominal pain and the most common co morbidity was DM.Conclusions: Through this study it was concluded that the cranberry extract supplements significantly reduced the recurrence of UTI in women. Since the antibiotic prophylaxis is having the risk of developing resistance and side effects, the cranberry extract supplements can be suggested as a best alternative to antibiotics in recurrent UTI prophylaxis