563 research outputs found
Catching the "Local" Bug: A Look at State Agricultural Marketing Programs
State Marketing Program, Local Foods, Consumer Awareness, State-Sponsored Logos, Mid-Atlantic Region, Marketing,
Comparing Willingness to Pay for Organic, Natural, Locally Grown, and State Marketing Program Promoted Foods in the Mid-Atlantic Region
A choice experiment of Mid-Atlantic consumers was conducted to determine marginal willingness to pay for the attributes organic, natural, locally grown, and state marketing program promoted for strawberry preserves. The influence of purchasing venue on willingness to pay was also examined. Results indicated a price premium when purchased at a farmers market across all five states and versions. Organic was preferred to natural in only one state. Preference ordering between local and state program promoted varied. Consumers in Maryland and Pennsylvania clearly preferred local, while those in New Jersey seemed most likely to prefer the state program version.organic, natural, locally grown, state marketing program, choice experiment, Consumer/Household Economics, Demand and Price Analysis, Marketing,
Reverberation Mapping of IC4329A
We present the results of a new reverberation mapping campaign for the
broad-lined active galactic nucleus (AGN) in the edge-on spiral IC4329A.
Monitoring of the optical continuum with band photometry and broad
emission-line flux variability with moderate-resolution spectroscopy allowed
emission-line light curves to be measured for H, H, and HeII
. We find a time delay of days for H,
a similar time delay of days for H, and an
unresolved time delay of days for HeII. The time delay for
H is consistent with the predicted value from the relationship between
AGN luminosity and broad line region radius, after correction for the
mag of intrinsic extinction at 5100A. Combining the measured time
delay for H with the broad emission line width and an adopted value of
, we find a central supermassive black hole mass of
. Velocity-resolved time
delays were measured across the broad H emission-line profile and may be
consistent with an ''M''-like shape. Modeling of the full reverberation
response of H was able to provide only modest constraints on some
parameters, but does exhibit agreement with the black hole mass and average
time delay. The models also suggest that the AGN structure is misaligned by a
large amount from the edge-on galaxy disk. This is consistent with expectations
from the unified model of AGNs, in which broad emission lines are expected to
be visible only for AGNs that are viewed at relatively face-on inclinations.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables; accepted for publication in Ap
Reverberation Mapping Results from MDM Observatory
We present results from a multi-month reverberation mapping campaign
undertaken primarily at MDM Observatory with supporting observations from
around the world. We measure broad line region (BLR) radii and black hole
masses for six objects. A velocity-resolved analysis of the H_beta response
shows the presence of diverse kinematic signatures in the BLR.Comment: To appear in the Proceedings of the IAU Symposium No. 267:
Co-Evolution of Central Black Holes and Galaxies, Rio de Janeiro, 200
The Mass of the Black Hole in NGC 5273 from Stellar Dynamical Modeling
We present a new constraint on the mass of the black hole in the active S0
galaxy NGC 5273. Due to the proximity of the galaxy at Mpc, we
were able to resolve and extract the bulk motions of stars near the central
black hole using AO-assisted observations with Gemini NIFS, as well as
constrain the large-scale kinematics using re-reduced archival SAURON
spectroscopy. High resolution HST imaging allowed us to generate a surface
brightness decomposition, determine approximate mass-to-light ratios for the
bulge and disk, and obtain an estimate for the disk inclination. We constructed
an extensive library of dynamical models using the Schwarzschild
orbit-superposition code FORSTAND, exploring a range of disk and bulge shapes,
halo masses, etc. We determined a black hole mass of , where the low side of the range is in agreement
with the reverberation mapping measurement of . NGC 5273 is one of only a small number of nearby
galaxies hosting broad-lined AGN, allowing crucial comparison of the black hole
masses derived from different mass measurement techniques.Comment: 20 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables; submitted to Ap
The Black Hole Mass of NGC 4151. II. Stellar Dynamical Measurement from Near-Infrared Integral Field Spectroscopy
We present a revised measurement of the mass of the central black hole (Mbh)
in the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4151. The new stellar dynamical mass measurement is
derived by applying an axisymmetric orbit-superposition code to near-infrared
integral field data obtained using adaptive optics with the Gemini NIFS
spectrograph. When our models attempt to fit both the NIFS kinematics and
additional low spatial resolution kinematics, our results depend sensitively on
how chi-squared is computed--probably a consequence of complex bar kinematics
that manifest immediately outside the nuclear region. The most robust results
are obtained when only the high spatial resolution kinematic constraints in the
nuclear region are included in the fit. Our best estimates for the BH mass and
H-band mass-to-light ratio are Mbh~(3.76+/-1.15)E7 Msun (1-sigma error) and
M/L(H-band)~0.34+/-0.03 Msun/Lsun (3-sigma error), respectively (the quoted
errors reflect the model uncertainties). Our BH mass measurement is consistent
with estimates from both reverberation mapping (3.57[+0.45/-0.37]E7 Msun) and
gas kinematics (3.0[+0.75/-2.2]E7 Msun; 1-sigma errors), and our best-fit
mass-to-light ratio is consistent with the photometric estimate of
M/L(H-band)=0.4+/-0.2 Msun/Lsun. The NIFS kinematics give a central bulge
velocity dispersion sigma_c=116+/-3 km/s, bringing this object slightly closer
to the M-sigma relation for quiescent galaxies. Although NGC 4151 is one of
only a few Seyfert 1 galaxies in which it is possible to obtain a direct
dynamical BH mass measurement--and thus, an independent calibration of the
reverberation mapping mass scale--the complex bar kinematics makes it less than
ideally suited for this purpose.Comment: 21 pages, 15 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap
Velocity-Resolved Reverberation Mapping of NGC 3227
We describe the results of a new reverberation mapping program focused on the
nearby Seyfert galaxy NGC 3227. Photometric and spectroscopic monitoring were
carried out from 2022 December to 2023 June with the Las Cumbres Observatory
network of telescopes. We detected time delays in several optical broad
emission lines, with H having the longest delay at days and He II having the shortest delay with
days. We also detect velocity-resolved
behavior of the H emission line, with different line-of-sight velocities
corresponding to different observed time delays. Combining the integrated
H time delay with the width of the variable component of the emission
line and a standard scale factor suggests a black hole mass of . Modeling of the full
velocity-resolved response of the H emission line with the
phenomenological code CARAMEL finds a similar mass of , and suggests that the
H-emitting broad line region (BLR) may be represented by a biconical or
flared disk structure that we are viewing at an inclination angle of and with gas motions that are dominated by rotation. The
new photoionization-based BLR modeling tool BELMAC finds general agreement with
the observations when assuming the best-fit CARAMEL results, however BELMAC
prefers a thick disk geometry and kinematics that are equally comprised of
rotation and inflow. Both codes infer a radially extended and flattened BLR
that is not outflowing.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables; submitted to Ap
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