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Complete recovery from anxiety disorders following Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in children and adolescents: a meta analysis
Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is a well-established treatment for childhood anxiety disorders. Meta-analyses have concluded that approximately 60% of children recover following treatment, however these include studies using a broad range of diagnostic indices to assess outcomes including whether children are free of the one anxiety disorder that causes most interference (i.e. the primary anxiety disorder) or whether children are free of all anxiety disorders. We conducted a meta-analysis to establish the efficacy of CBT in terms of absence of all anxiety disorders. Where available we compared this rate to outcomes based on absence of primary disorder. Of 56 published randomized controlled trials, 19 provided data on recovery from all anxiety disorders (n = 635 CBT, n = 450 control participants). There was significant heterogeneity across those studies with available data and full recovery rates varied from 47.6 to 66.4% among children without autistic spectrum conditions (ASC) and 12.2 to 36.7% for children with ASC following treatment, compared to up to 20.6% and 21.3% recovery in waitlist and active treatment comparisons. The lack of consistency in diagnostic outcomes highlights the urgent need for consensus on reporting in future RCTs of childhood anxiety disorders for the meaningful synthesis of data going forwards
Quantum simulation of artificial Abelian gauge field using nitrogen-vacancy center ensembles coupled to superconducting resonators
We propose a potentially practical scheme to simulate artificial Abelian
gauge field for polaritons using a hybrid quantum system consisting of
nitrogen-vacancy center ensembles (NVEs) and superconducting transmission line
resonators (TLR). In our case, the collective excitations of NVEs play the role
of bosonic particles, and our multiport device tends to circulate polaritons in
a behavior like a charged particle in an external magnetic field. We discuss
the possibility of identifying signatures of the Hofstadter "butterfly" in the
optical spectra of the resonators, and analyze the ground state crossover for
different gauge fields. Our work opens new perspectives in quantum simulation
of condensed matter and many-body physics using hybrid spin-ensemble circuit
quantum electrodynamics system. The experimental feasibility and challenge are
justified using currently available technology.Comment: 6 papes+supplementary materia
Assessing a standardised approach to measuring corticospinal integrity after stroke with DTI
The structural integrity of the corticospinal tract (CST) after stroke is closely linked to the degree of motor impairment. Simple and reliable methods of assessing white matter integrity within the CST would facilitate the use of this measure in routine clinical practice. Commonly, diffusion tensor imaging is used to measure voxel-wise fractional anisotropy (FA) in a variety of regions of interest (ROIs) representing the CST. Several methods are currently in use with no consensus about which approach is best. ROIs are usually either the whole CST or the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC). These are created manually on brain images or with reference to an individual's CST determined by tractography. Once the ROI has been defined, the FA can be reported as an absolute measure from the ipsilesional side or as a ratio in comparison to the contralesional side. Both corticospinal tracking and manual ROI definition in individual stroke patients are time consuming and subject to bias. Here, we investigated whether using a CST template derived from healthy volunteers was a feasible method for defining the appropriate ROI within which to measure changes in FA. We reconstructed the CST connecting the primary motor cortex to the ipsilateral pons in 23 age-matched control subjects and 21 stroke patients. An average healthy CST template was created from the 23 control subjects. For each patient, FA values were then calculated for both the template CST and for their own CST. We compared patients' FA metrics between the two tracts by considering four measures (FA in the ipsilesional side, FA in the contralesional side, FA ratio of the ipsilesional side to the contralesional side and FA asymmetry between the two sides) and in two tract-based ROIs (whole tract and tract section traversing the PLIC). There were no significant differences in FA metrics for either method, except for contralesional FA. Furthermore, we found that FA metrics relating to CST damage all correlated with motor ability post-stroke equally well. These results suggest that the healthy CST template could be a surrogate structure for defining tract-based ROIs with which to measure stroke patients' FA metrics, avoiding the necessity for CST tracking in individual patients. CST template-based automated quantification of structural integrity would greatly facilitate implementation of practical clinical applications of diffusion tensor imaging
Mott-Hubbard Transition of Bosons in Optical Lattices with Three-body Interactions
In this paper, the quantum phase transition between superfluid state and
Mott-insulator state is studied based on an extended Bose-Hubbard model with
two- and three-body on-site interactions. By employing the mean-field
approximation we find the extension of the insulating 'lobes' and the existence
of a fixed point in three dimensional phase space. We investigate the link
between experimental parameters and theoretical variables. The possibility to
obverse our results through some experimental effects in optically trapped
Bose-Einstein Condensates(BEC) is also discussed.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures; to be appear in Phys. Rev.
Coexistence of Itinerant Electrons and Local Moments in Iron-Based Superconductors
In view of the recent experimental facts in the iron-pnictides, we make a
proposal that the itinerant electrons and local moments are simultaneously
present in such multiband materials. We study a minimal model composed of
coupled itinerant electrons and local moments to illustrate how a consistent
explanation of the experimental measurements can be obtained in the leading
order approximation. In this mean-field approach, the spin-density-wave (SDW)
order and superconducting pairing of the itinerant electrons are not directly
driven by the Fermi surface nesting, but are mainly induced by their coupling
to the local moments. The presence of the local moments as independent degrees
of freedom naturally provides strong pairing strength for superconductivity and
also explains the normal-state linear-temperature magnetic susceptibility above
the SDW transition temperature. We show that this simple model is supported by
various anomalous magnetic properties and isotope effect which are in
quantitative agreement with experiments.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures; an expanded versio
Development and Application of a Diaphragm Micro-Pump with Piezoelectric Device
In this study, a new type of thin, compact, and light weighed diaphragm
micro-pump has been successfully developed to actuate the liquid by the
vibration of a diaphragm. The micro-diaphragm pump with two valves is
fabricated in an aluminum case by using highly accurate CNC machine, and the
cross-section dimension is 5mm x 8mm. Both valves and diaphragm are
manufactured from PDMS. The amplitude of vibration by a piezoelectric device
produces an oscillating flow which may change the chamber volume by changing
the curvature of a diaphragm. Several experimental set-ups for performance test
in a single micro-diaphragm pump, isothermal flow open system, and a closed
liquid cooling system is designed and implemented. The performance of one-side
actuating micro-diaphragm pump is affected by the design of check valves,
diaphragm, piezoelectric device, chamber volume, input voltage and frequency.
The measured maximum flow rate of present design is 72 ml/min at zero total
pump head in the range of operation frequency 70-180 Hz.Comment: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association
(http://irevues.inist.fr/EDA-Publishing
Study of color suppressed modes
The color suppressed modes are
analyzed in perturbative QCD approach. We find that the dominant contribution
is from the non-factorizable diagrams. The branching ratios calculated in our
approach for agree with current experiments. By
neglecting the gluonic contribution, we predict the branching ratios of are at the comparable size of , but smaller than that of .Comment: revtex, 5 pages, axodraw.st
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