A Comparison of the Machine Learning Algorithm for Evaporation Duct Estimation

In this research, a comparison of the relevance vector machine (RVM), least square support vector machine (LSSVM) and the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) for evaporation duct estimation are presented. The parabolic equation model is adopted as the forward propagation model, and which is used to establish the training database between the radar sea clutter power and the evaporation duct height. The comparison of the RVM, LSSVM and RBFNN for evaporation duct estimation are investigated via the experimental and the simulation studies, and the statistical analysis method is employed to analyze the performance of the three machine learning algorithms in the simulation study. The analysis demonstrate that the M profile of RBFNN estimation has a relatively good match to the measured profile for the experimental study; for the simulation study, the LSSVM is the most precise one among the three machine learning algorithms, besides, the performance of RVM is basically identical to the RBFNN

Apparatus and method for destructive removal of particles contained in flowing fluid

An apparatus and method for destructively removing particles from a flowing gas containing the particles is described. In the specific embodiments disclosed the apparatus is adapted to remove carbon particles from diesel engine exhaust products. The exhaust products are directed to a predetermined location where they are rapidly vaporized and combine with oxygen in the exhaust products to form carbon dioxide. Vaporization in one embodiment is effected by a discharge grid located within an exhaust conduit, the grid being chosen so that alternate conductors defining the grid are spaced apart a distance approximately 125 times the mean diameter of the particles to be removed. A voltage differential of approximately 690 volts is applied across adjacent conductors

Do we know how to count powers in pionless and pionful effective field theory?

In this article I summarize recent progress in the effective field theory approach to low energy nuclear systems, with a focus on the power counting issue. In the pionless sector, where the power counting is quite well understood at the nucleon-nucleon (NN) level, I discuss some recent developments toward few- and many-body calculations. In the pionful sector, I focus on the actively debated issue of power counting in the NN sector and some recent developments toward a model-independent NN interaction. Finally, the scenario that the power counting might depend on the number of particles is discussed.Comment: 19 pages, 1 figure. Contributions to the EPJA topical issue: The tower of effective (field) theories and the emergence of nuclear phenomena. Published versio

Underwater seismic source

Apparatus for generating a substantially oscillation-free seismic signal for use in underwater petroleum exploration, including a bag with walls that are flexible but substantially inelastic, and a pressured gas supply for rapidly expanding the bag to its fully expanded condition is described. The inelasticity of the bag permits the application of high pressure gas to rapidly expand it to full size, without requiring a venting mechanism to decrease the pressure as the bag approaches a predetermined size to avoid breaking of the bag

Substitution Delone Sets

This paper addresses the problem of describing aperiodic discrete structures that have a self-similar or self-affine structure. Substitution Delone set families are families of Delone sets (X_1, ..., X_n) in R^d that satisfy an inflation functional equation under the action of an expanding integer matrix in R^d. This paper studies such functional equation in which each X_i is a discrete multiset (a set whose elements are counted with a finite multiplicity). It gives necessary conditions on the coefficients of the functional equation for discrete solutions to exist. It treats the case where the equation has Delone set solutions. Finally, it gives a large set of examples showing limits to the results obtained.Comment: 34 pages, latex file; some results in Sect 5 rearranged and theorems reformulate

Instrumentation for sensing moisture content of material using a transient thermal pulse

Instrumentation for sensing moisture content of material using a transient thermal pulse is comprised of a sensing probe having a sensing element in the form of a ribbon excited by a constant current pulse from a source to increase the temperature and therefore the resistance of the ribbon linearly. Moisture in web material will limit the increase of temperature during the pulse in proportion to the moisture content. This increase in temperature produces a proportional increase in resistivity which is measured with a wheatstone bridge as a change in voltage displayed by a measurement display unit. The probe is glued in a shallow groove of a Lucite bar and connected to copper pins embedded in the bar

Portable heatable container

A container is provided which can be designed to heat its outer surface to sterilize it, or to heat its inner surface and any contents therewithin. In a container that self sterilizes its outer surface, the container includes a combustible layer of thermite-type pyrotechnic material which can be ignited to generate considerable heat, and a thin casing around the combustible layer which is of highly thermally conductive materials such as aluminum which can be heated to a high temperature by the ignited combustible layer. A buffer layer which may be of metal, lies within the combustible layer, and a layer of insulation such as Teflon lies within the buffer layer to insulate the contents of the container from the heat

Method and device for detection of a substance

A device is disclosed in which a discharge grid is provided that has a sufficiently high voltage potential across its grid electrodes so that a substance with predetermined characteristics causes an electric spark discharge to occur between electrodes. The electric spark discharge alters the predetermined characteristics of the substance by oxidation and/or vaporization so that the substance is no longer detectable by an electric spark discharge. A means is provided for counting the number of electric spark discharges. This count indicates the concentration of the substance having the predetermined characteristics. One embodiment disclosed detects longitudinally extending carbon fibers suspended in a gaseous medium. Another embodiment provides for the detection of carbon fibers adhesively attached to a collection tape. The tape is positioned against the discharge grid and a high voltage is periodically applied across the grid electrodes until electric spark discharges no longer occur