A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

Contains fulltext : 172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Correlation between structural and optical properties of composite polymer/fullerene films for organic solar cells

We investigate thin poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)/[6,6]-phenyI C-61 butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT/PCBM) films, which are widely used as active layers in plastic solar cells. Their structural properties are studied by grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (XRD). The size and the orientation of crystalline]P3HT nanodomains within the films are determined. PCBM crystallites are not detected in thin films by XRD. Upon annealing, the P3HT crystallinity increases, leading to an increase in the optical absorption and spectral photocurrent in the low-photon-energy region. As a consequence, the efficiency of P3HT/PCBM solar cells is significantly increased. A direct relation between efficiency and P3HT crystallinity is demonstrated

Determination of gap defect states in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells from capacitance measurements

Energy distributions [density-of-states (DOS)] of defects in the effective band gap of organic bulk heterojunctions are determined by means of capacitance methods. The technique consists of calculating the junction capacitance derivative with respect to the angular frequency of the small voltage perturbation applied to thin film poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) [6,6]-phenyl C61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) solar cells. The analysis, which was performed on blends of different composition, reveals the presence of defect bands exhibiting Gaussian shape located at E≈0.38 eV above the highest occupied molecular orbital level of the P3HT. The disorder parameter σ, which accounts for the broadening of the Gaussian DOS, lies within the range of 49-66 meV. The total density of defects results of order 1016 cm-3