117 research outputs found
Variability Studies in Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) with Reference to Yield Attributes
Field experiments were conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh during the rainy season 2004-2007, with ten chilli genotypes supplied by AICRP on vegetables (from different geographical sources). This was to study genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance as per cent mean for several economic characters to identify promising cultivars suitable for the Krishna-Godavari zone of Andhra Pradesh. Data were collected on eight characters, viz., plant height, plant spread and number of fruits per plant; fruit length, fruit girth, number of seeds per fruit, ripe-chilli yield and dry-chilli yield. Significant differences were observed among genotypes in respect of all the characters studied. Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) was slightly higher than Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) for all the traits, indicating a low environmental influence on expression of these traits. High GCV and PCV were observed for ripe-chilli yield, dry-chilli yield, number of fruits per plant, number of seeds per fruit and fruit length indicating a higher magnitude of variability in these traits and, consequently, a greater scope for improvement through simple selection. Low GCV and PCV were recorded for plant height, plant spread and fruit girth suggesting a limited variability, for these traits. High heritability, coupled with high Genetic Advance as per cent mean, was observed for ripe-chilli yield, dry chilli yield, number of fruits per plant, number of seeds per fruit and fruit length, indicating the influence of additive genes. These characters-with high GCV, PCV, Heritability and Genetic Advance as per cent mean-should be considered as reliable selection criteria for crop improvement for yield and yield attributing characters in chilli
ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY AND GENETIC ADVANCE FOR QUANTITATIVE TRAITS IN CHILLI (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.)
Study of various congenital anomalies in fetal and neonatal autopsy
Background: The study of dead is to save the livings. The growing awareness that still births and infant mortalities are unable to reduction has led to a wide spread desire for more information regarding the cause of these deaths. Congenital malformations have become important cause of fetal and neonatal (perinatal) mortality in developed countries and would very soon be increasingly important determinants of fetal and neonatal mortality in developing countries like India. In spite of antenatal diagnostic modality still the fetal autopsy plays the vital role in the conformation as well as identification of congenital anomalies and also for the counseling of the parents, to prevent the fetal congenital anomalies in further pregnancies. This study was undertaken with the purpose of finding out cause of death during the perinatal period at government maternity hospital and pediatric department S.V.R.R.G.G.H. & S.V. medical college Tirupati, and to study the clinical and pathological findings (Gross & microscopic) in fetal and neonatal death.Methods: The present study of congenital anomalies in fetal and neonatal deaths was done at S.V. medical college, Tirupati, over a time period of 2 years from September 2008 to 2010 August. Consent for autopsy in requested compassionately, respectfully and fully informed. The present study included dead fetus and neonates with gestational age above 20 weeks of intra uterine life and within 7 days of post natal life. All fetuses of gestational age <20 weeks and all neonates above 7 days of age were excluded from the study. The study also obtained clearance from the ethical committee of the institution. Autopsy was performed by standard technique adopted by Edith L. Potter. External and internal findings followed by histopathological examination, and autopsy findings were compared with available ultrasound findings.Results: A total of 46 Autopsies performed, 40 (87%) were fetal deaths, 6 (13%) were early neonatal deaths. In a total of 46 fetuses, there were 13 male and 33 female babies. On external examination of 46 fetal and Neonatal (perinatal) deaths, 8 (17.39%) babies showed congenital malformation. On internal examination of the 46 fetal and Neonatal (perinatal) deaths, 4 babies showed internal congenital anomalies. A total of 46 anatomical and histopathologic examinations were done among fetal and neonatal (perinatal) deaths. Out of 13 autopsies on male babies, 2 had congenital malformation and 33 autopsies on female babies, 7 had congenital malformations. Congenital anomalies were commonest in the birth weight group of 1000-1500 grams accounting for 9 cases. Malformations of central nervous system (33.33%) were most common followed by musculoskeletal system (16.66%), genitourinary and respiratory system (8.33%) respectively.Conclusion: Most number of perinatal deaths occurred in low birth weight and preterm babies. Study of malformations greatly helpful in genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis in successive pregnancies
Enhancement of pigeonpea productivity through adoption of drought mitigating strategies
Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh) is an important drought
tolerant legume crop in Indian rainfed agriculture. Though India
accounts for nearly 90% of the worldβs pigeonpea acreage (3.73
million ha) and production (3.07 million t), the productivity is lower
at 707 kg/ha than the world average. The Morocco India Food
Legumes Initiative in collaboration with the ICRISAT is aimed at
improving the livelihood of small farmers to strengthen food and
nutritional security through adoption of improved technologies.
This paper is focused on developing and disseminating strategies
to improve pigeonpea productivity in dryland regions which are
characterized by erratic rainfall, frequent and prolonged dry spells
and soil nutrient depletion. During 2013-16, demonstrations were
conducted in 1200 farmersβ fields in Mahabubnagar district, Telangana,
India, with an objective of enhancing the productivity of
pigeonpea using three drought mitigating strategies: (i) adoption
of short-duration cultivar PRG 176, a high-yielding and early-maturing
pedigree selection of ICPL 88034 x ICPL 88039 with a duration
of 130-135 days; (ii) foliar application of soluble fertilizer to
maintain vegetative growth and ultimately improve pod filling; (iii)
life saving irrigation at the rate of 20 mm with water harvested
from farm ponds during mid season drought and prolonged dry
spells. Adoption of PRG 176 resulted in an average yield of 1400
kg/ha compared to LRG 41 (1120 kg/ha). The yield improvement
of 25% can largely be attributed to the good branching habit (8-
13 primary branches) and high flower to pod conversion ratio of
PRG 176 under dryland conditions. Foliar application of multi-K
during flowering and pod formation stages enhanced the yield
to 1360 kg/ha compared to the yield of 1100 kg/ha obtained in
fields without foliar spray. Life saving irrigation in PRG 176 during
mid season dry spell which persisted for 17-21 days improved
the yields by 20 % compared to the yield of 1200 kg/ha obtained
in rainfed crop. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that the
productivity of pigeonpea in dryland regions can be enhanced to
an average 1560 kg/ha through an integrated drought mitigating
approach by exploiting the short-duration and high-yielding potential
of PRG 176, providing life saving irrigation during critical
growth stages and foliar application of nutrients at flowering and
pod formation stages
Effect of Recombinant Cytokines on the Expression of Natural Killer Cell Receptors from Patients with TB or/and HIV Infection
BACKGROUND: NK cells express several specialized receptors through which they recognize and discriminate virally-infected/tumor cells efficiently from healthy cells and kill them. This ability to lyse is regulated by an array of inhibitory or activating receptors. The present study investigated the frequency of various NK receptors expressed by NK cell subsets from HIV-infected TB patients. The effect of IL-15+IL-12 stimulation on the expression of NK receptors was also studied. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The study included 15 individuals each from normal healthy subjects, pulmonary tuberculosis patients, HIV-infected individuals and patients with HIV and tuberculosis co-infection. The expression of NK cell receptors was analyzed on two NK cell subsets within the peripheral blood: CD16+CD3- and CD56+CD3- using flow cytometry. The expression of inhibitory receptors (CD158a, CD158b, KIRp70, CD85j and NKG2A) on NK subsets was increased in HIV, when compared to NHS. But the response in HIV-TB was not uniform. Stimulation with IL-15+IL-12 dropped (p<0.05) the expression of CD85j and NKG2A in HIV. The basal expression of natural cytotoxicity receptors (NKp30 and NKp46) on NK cell subsets was lowered (p<0.05) in HIV and HIV-TB as compared to NHS. However, the expression of NKp44 and NKG2D was elevated in HIV. Enhanced NKp46 and NKG2D expression was observed in HIV with IL-15+IL-12 stimulation. The coreceptor NKp80 was found to be expressed in higher numbers on NK subsets from HIV compared to NHS, which elevated with IL-15+IL-12 stimulation. The expression of NK receptors and response to stimulation was primarily on CD56+CD3- subset. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: IL-15+IL-12 has an immunomodulatory effect on NK cell subsets from HIV-infected individuals viz down-regulation of iNKRs, elevation of activatory receptors NKp46 and NKG2D, and induction of coreceptor NKp80. IL-15+IL-12 is not likely to be of value when co-infected with TB probably due to the influence of tuberculosis
Harnessing Sorghum Landraces to Breed High-Yielding, Grain Mold-Tolerant Cultivars With High Protein for Drought-Prone Environments
Intermittent drought and an incidence of grainmold disease are the twomajor constraints
affecting sorghum production and productivity. The study aimed at developing
drought-tolerant sorghum varieties possessing a high protein content and tolerance
to grain mold with stable performance using additive main effects and multiplicative
interaction (AMMI) and genotype and genotype Γ environment interaction (GGE)
biplot methods. Systematic hybridization among the 11 superior landraces resulted in
subsequent pedigree-based breeding and selection from 2010 to 2015 evolved 19
promising varieties of grains such as white, yellow, and brown pericarp grains. These
grain varieties were evaluated for their adaptability and stability for yield in 13 rainfed
environments and for possessing tolerance to grain mold in three hot spot environments.
A variety of yellow pericarp sorghum PYPS 2 (3,698 kg/ha; 14.52% protein; 10.70
mg/100 g Fe) possessing tolerance to grain mold was identified as a stable variety by
using both AMMI and GGE analyses. Four mega-environments were identified for grain
yield and fodder yield. Sorghum varieties PYPS 2, PYPS 4, PYPS 8, and PYPS 11 were
highly stable in E2 with a low grain mold incidence. Besides meeting the nutritional
demand of smallholder farmers under dryland conditions, these varieties are suitable
for enhancing sorghum productivity under the present climate change scenario
Energy balance measurements over a banana orchard in the Semiarid region in the Northeast of Brazil
Two novel missense substitutions in the VSX1 gene: clinical and genetic analysis of families with Keratoconus from India
Trends in temperature and growing season length in idaho-usa during the past few decades
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